Editing Anatomy: Groin and Inguinal (section)

==Femoral Triangle==
*'''See [https://radiopaedia.org/cases/femoral-triangle-diagram radiopaedia figures]'''
*
===Borders===
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Roof: fascia lata (covers femoral sheath)'''
**Fascia lata is continuous with external oblique aponeurosis superiorly[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aponeurosis_of_the_abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
***Within the femoral sheath are the femoral artery and vein and the node of cloquet
*'''Floor: pectineus, ilacus, psoas major, adductor magnus muscles'''
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Superior: inguinal ligament (runs from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle)'''
**Inguinal ligament is the portion of the external oblique aponeurosis which extends between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle as a thick band, folded inward[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aponeurosis_of_the_abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Lateral: medial border of sartorius muscle'''
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Medial: lateral border of adductor longus muscle'''
*Apex: formed by the intersection of the medial border of the sartorius muscle and the lateral boarder of the adductor longus muscle
===Contents===
'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Lateral to medial: </span><span style="color:#0000ff">NAVEL</span>'''
*'''<span style="color:#0000ff">N</span><span style="color:#ff0000">erve</span>'''
*'''<span style="color:#0000ff">A</span><span style="color:#ff0000">rtery</span>'''
*'''<span style="color:#0000ff">V</span><span style="color:#ff0000">ein</span>'''
*'''<span style="color:#0000ff">E</span><span style="color:#ff0000">mpty space</span>'''
**'''Allows the veins and lymph vessels to distend to accommodate different levels of flow'''
*'''<span style="color:#0000ff">L</span><span style="color:#ff0000">ymph nodes</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">(deep inguinal lymph nodes)</span>'''
**

[[File:Femoral triangle.png|thumb|Left femoral triangle; source: [[wikipedia:Femoral_triangle#/media/File:Gray549.png|Wikipedia]]|link=https://test.urologyschool.com/index.php/File:Femoral_triangle.png]]
===Nerves===
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Femoral nerve</span>'''
**'''Contains fibers originating from the L2–L4 spinal nerve roots'''
**'''Lies deep to the iliacus fascia'''
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Lateral to common femoral artery</span>'''
***May at times be found between the artery and the vein
**'''Functions'''
***'''Motor: innervates the flexors of the hip and the extensors of the knee'''
****'''Pectineus, quadriceps femoris, and sartorius muscles'''
***'''Sensory: anterior thigh, anteromedial knee, medial leg, and medial foot'''
**'''Should be preserved during inguinal dissection'''.
***Some of the sensory branches, however, are commonly sacrificed in the regional node dissection.

=== Vasculature ===
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Posterior to fascia lata</span>'''

*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Common femoral artery</span>'''
**Continuation of external iliac artery
***External iliac artery above inguinal ligament, common femoral artery below inguinal ligament
**Gives off a branch called deep (profunda) femoral artery and continues as superficial femoral artery[https://www.physio-pedia.com/images/8/89/Femoral_Artery.png]
**'''Blood supply to the skin of the inguinal region is from branches of the common femoral artery.'''
***'''Complete inguinal dissection necessitates ligation of these branches.'''
****'''Viability of the skin flaps raised during the dissection depends on anastomotic vessels in the superficial fatty layer of the Camper fascia'''
****'''A transverse skin incision least compromises blood supply to the skin.'''
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Medial to femoral nerve</span>'''
**'''Just medial to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament in the inguinal crease region[https://www.physio-pedia.com/Femoral_Artery]'''
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Common femoral vein</span>'''
**'''Deep femoral vein and Great saphenous vein (also known as long saphenous vein) empty into the common femoral vein'''
***'''Great saphenous vein approaches common femoral vein medially'''
***Deep femoral vein approaches common femoral vein laterally
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Medial to common femoral artery</span>'''

=== Femoral Sheath ===
* A distal prolongation of extraperitoneal fascia that encloses the vascular compartment
*
* Femoral vessels and lymphatics are enclosed by the femoral sheath[https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/femoral-artery].
* Femoral nerve is located outside the femoral sheath