Editing Germ Cell Tumours (section)

=== Clinical staging ===
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Prognosis of GCT and initial management decisions are determined by clinical stage (CS)'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Based on (3):'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Pathologic stage of the primary tumour (pT stage)'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Presence and extent of regional (N stage) and distant metastatic disease (M stage)'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Post-orchiectomy serum tumor marker levels (S stage)'''
*#* Serum tumor markers (AFP, hCG, and LDH) should be repeated at appropriate T1/2 time intervals after orchiectomy to determine nadir for staging and risk stratification
*#** For patients with elevated AFP or hCG post-orchiectomy, clinicians should monitor serum tumor markers to establish nadir levels before treatment only if marker nadir levels would influence treatment.
* '''Testicular cancer clinical stage groups'''

{| class="wikitable"
|Stage grouping
|
|
|
|
|-
|Stage 0
|pTis
|N0
|M0
|S0
|-
|Stage I
|pT1-T4
|N0
|M0
|SX
|-
|Stage IA
|pT1
|N0
|M0
|S0
|-
|Stage IB
|pT2 - pT4
|N0
|M0
|S0
|-
|Stage IS
|Any pT/TX
|N0
|M0
|S1-3
|-
|Stage II
|Any pT/TX
|N1-N3
|M0
|SX
|-
| rowspan="2" |Stage IIA
|Any pT/TX
|N1
|M0
|S0
|-
|Any pT/TX
|N1
|M0
|S1
|-
| rowspan="2" |Stage IIB
|Any pT/TX
|N2
|M0
|S0
|-
|Any pT/TX
|N2
|M0
|S1
|-
| rowspan="2" |Stage IIC
|Any pT/TX
|N3
|M0
|S0
|-
|Any pT/TX
|N3
|M0
|S1
|-
|Stage III
|Any pT/TX
|Any N
|M1a
|SX
|-
| rowspan="2" |Stage IIIA
|Any pT/TX
|Any N
|M1a
|S0
|-
|Any pT/TX
|Any N
|M1a
|S1
|-
| rowspan="2" |Stage IIIB
|Any pT/TX
|N1-N3
|M0
|S2
|-
|Any pT/TX
|Any N
|M1a
|S2
|-
| rowspan="3" |Stage IIIC
|Any pT/TX
|N1-N3
|M0
|S3
|-
|Any pT/TX
|Any N
|M1a
|S3
|-
|Any pT/TX
|Any N
|M1b
|Any S
|}

* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Overview of clinical staging:</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Clinical stage (CS) I: disease confined to the testis</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">CS II: presence of regional (retroperitoneal) lymph node metastasis</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">CS III: non-regional lymph node and/or visceral metastasis, although post-orchiectomy serum tumour marker levels can upstage patients from CSII to CSIII</span>'''