Editing AUA: Urethral Stricture Disease (2023) (section)

===Bladder Neck Contracture/Vesicourethral Stenosis===
*'''Bladder neck contracture after endoscopic prostate procedure'''
**'''Options (3):'''
***'''Dilation'''
***'''Bladder neck incision'''
***'''Transurethral resection'''
**'''Repeat endoscopic treatment may be necessary for successful outcomes'''
*'''Post-prostatectomy vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis'''
**'''Options (3):'''
***'''Dilation'''
***'''Vesicourethral incision'''
***'''Transurethral resection'''
**Patients should be made aware of the risk of incontinence after any of these procedures.
**Repeat endoscopic treatment may be necessary for successful outcomes
*'''Recalcitrant stenosis of the bladder neck or post-prostatectomy vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis'''
**'''Open reconstruction may be performed'''
***The treatment of recalcitrant vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis must be tailored to the preferences of the patient, taking into consideration prior radiotherapy and the degree of urinary incontinence.
***Reconstruction is challenging and may cause significant urinary incontinence requiring subsequent artificial urinary sphincter implantation.
***For the patient who does not desire urethroplasty, repeat urethral dilation, incision or resection of the stenosis is appropriate. Intermittent self-dilation with a catheter may be used to prolong the time between operative interventions. Suprapubic diversion is an alternative.