Editing Intestinal Segments and Urinary Diversion (section)

==== <span style="color:#0000ff">C</span><span style="color:#ff0000">ancer ====
* '''Bladder cancer after augmentation presents:'''
** '''At a younger age''' than is typical for bladder malignancies
** '''With atypical symptoms''' such as vague abdominal pain, urosepsis or increased frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI), difficult catheterization, and renal failure.
** '''With atypical signs''' such as new hydronephrosis and bladder wall thickening.
** '''Advanced disease'''
** '''Usually with a minimum 10-year lag time between augmentation and presentation of bladder malignancy.'''
** '''Most of the tumors are adenocarcinomas,''' but can also be adenomatous polyps, sarcomas, and urothelial carcinoma
* The incidence of cancer development in patients with ureterosigmoidostomy varies between 6-29%, mean 11%. '''Because its incidence is significant in patients with ureterosigmoidostomies, they should have routine colonoscopies on a scheduled periodic basis.''' Case reports of tumors developing in patients with ileal conduits, colon conduits, bladder augmentations, rectal bladder, neobladders, and ileal ureters have been described. '''When ureterointestinal anastomoses are defunctionalized, there remains a risk of adenocarcinoma in the defunctionalized diversion. Therefore, they should be excised rather than merely ligated and left in situ'''