Editing Stones: Evaluation and Medical Management (section)

=== Medical Management of Pediatric Calculi ===

* '''Neonates can develop furosemide-induced nephrolithiasis.'''
** Neonates treated with loop diuretics should be screened for the development of nephrocalcinosis.
** '''Cessation of furosemide diuresis is considered helpful and standard therapy'''.
*** Although switching to a thiazide diuretic may not actively cause the dissolution of calculi, it at least removes the causative agent and allows the kidney an opportunity to heal and clear the calcium deposits.
* '''The appearance of urinary calculi during childhood should raise the distinct possibility of an inherited genetic disorder, such as cystinuria, distal RTA, or primary hyperoxaluria'''
* There is a lack of consensus regarding normal laboratory values during 24-hour urine collections in children. Clinicians have relied on ratios to correct for the wide variation of weight
* '''The medical management of nephrolithiasis and the prevention of subsequent recurrences in children do not differ that dramatically from the approaches undertaken for adults'''