Editing AUA: Vesicoureteral Reflux (2017) (section)

=== History and Physical Exam ===
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">History'''
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Assess for symptoms of bladder/bowel dysfunction (BBD) including (6):'''
**# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Urinary frequency and urgency'''
**# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Prolonged voiding intervals'''
**# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Daytime wetting'''
**# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Perineal/penile pain'''
**# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Holding maneuvers (posturing to prevent wetting)'''
**# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Constipation/encopresis</span>''' (soiling of underwear with stool by children who are beyond age of toilet training)
*** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Bladder bowel dysfunction (BBD)</span>''', dysfunctional voiding, dysfunctional elimination syndrome and dysfunctional lower urinary tract symptoms, refer to a common but poorly characterized '''<span style="color:#ff0000">complex of symptoms typically including urinary incontinence, frequency or infrequent voiding, dysuria, UTI, and constipation'''
*** '''Untreated BBD associated with:'''
**** '''Increased incidence of breakthrough UTI in children on continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP)'''
**** '''Decreased resolution rates of VUR at initial follow-up in children treated with endoscopic surgery'''
***** '''BBD does not alter surgical resolution rates in children treated with open surgery'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Physical exam'''
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">General medical evaluation including measurement of''' 
***'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Height'''
***'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Weight'''
***'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Blood pressure'''