Editing Infertility: Diagnosis and Evaluation (section)

=== History ===
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Infertility history'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Duration of infertility'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Whether the infertility is primary or secondary'''
***Evaluation of men with secondary infertility should include a focus on conditions or exposures that have developed or occurred after initiation of the earlier pregnancy(ies).
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Any treatments to date'''
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Risk factors'''
** See [[Infertility: Epidemiology and Etiology|Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Infertility]] Chapter Notes
***'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Classification</span>'''
****'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Pre-testicular</span>'''
****'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Testicular (TIC)</span>'''
*****'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Toxins</span>''' (medications, chemotherapy, radiation, social habits)
******'''If there has been exposure to any gonadotoxic agents, these medications should be stopped and semen should be retested in 3-6 months'''
******'''Environmental exposures''' (pesticides, excessive heat on the testicles)
****** '''Lifestyle''' (cigarette smoking, recreational drugs, alcohol use, stress, anabolic steroid usel)
*****'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Infections/inflammation</span>''' of the GU tract (sexually transmitted infections, epididymo-orchitis, mumps orchitis)
*****'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Childhood</span>''' (congenital causes (recall '''DUNKY-XX'''), hydrocele or hernia surgery, torsion, cryptorchidism)
****'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Post-testicular</span>'''
*****'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Sexual history</span>''' 
******'''Libido, sexual function, sexual activity'''
******Use of lubricants
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">General health'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Medical comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes) can contribute to infertility.'''
** '''If there has been a recent serious medical illness or injury or evidence of a recent reproductive tract infection, semen testing should be repeated at least 3 months following recovery from the illness'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Previous surgery of the reproductive tract'''
**For testis cancer, undescended testis, hydrocelectomies, spermatocelectomies, varicocelectomies, vasectomies
** Vasectomy reversal may represent a more cost-effective option compared to IVF in couples with adequate ovarian function'''§'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">History of any genetic abnormalities in the patient or the family'''