Editing Urinary Tract Infections (section)

==== Renal echinococcosis ====
* Parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus.
* Diagnosis and Evaluation
** Symptoms are those of a slowly growing tumor.
** Most patients are asymptomatic or have a flank mass, dull pain, or hematuria'''.'''
** '''Because the cyst is focal, it rarely affects renal function.'''
** '''Rarely, the cyst ruptures into the collecting system, and may be associated severe colic and passage of debris resembling grape skins in the urine (hydatiduria).'''
** '''Excretory urography typically shows a thick-walled cystic mass, occasionally calcified'''
** '''Diagnostic aspiration should not be performed''' because of the danger of rupture and spillage of the highly antigenic cyst contents and risk of fatal anaphylaxis
* '''Management'''
** '''Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment'''