Editing Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cancer (section)

====== Principles ======
#'''Patient counseling''' to describe techniques, potential requirements for urinary reconstruction and associated complications including the potential impact on postoperative bladder function.
#'''Preoperative endoscopic assessment''' to evaluate sites of involvement and proximal extent of disease.
#'''Preoperative assessment of bladder capacity''' and function in cases where more extensive reconstruction such as a Boari flap are anticipated to permit a tension free ureterovesical anastomosis or the use of bowel segments.
#'''Intraoperative pathologic assessment''' (i.e., frozen sections) of proximal and distal margins to ensure complete resection with negative margins.
#Reasonable attempts to '''avoid of spillage of urine''' into the surgical field.
# '''Watertight, tension free closure''' to facilitate functional healing and avoid urine leak (of urine potentially contaminated with malignant cells).