Editing Lower Urinary Tract Trauma (section)

==== History and Physical Exam ====

===== Physical Exam =====
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Indicators of potential bladder rupture (12):</span>'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Gross hematuria'''
*#* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Most common indicator of bladder injury</span>'''
*#* A limited number of pelvic fracture patients with bladder injuries will present with microscopic hematuria
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Lower abdominal bruising</span>'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Abdominal distention</span>'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Suprapubic pain</span>'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Muscle guarding and rigidity</span>'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Inability to void</span>'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Low urine output</span>'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Diminished bowel sounds</span>'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Pubic symphysis diastasis</span>'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Obturator ring fracture displacement >1 cm</span>'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Increased creatinine</span> and BUN''' (secondary to peritoneal absorption of urine)
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Intraperitoneal low density free fluid on abdominal imaging</span> (urinary ascites)'''