Editing Peyronie's Disease (section)

== Penile Anatomy and Peyronie's Disease ==

* See [[Penis|Penile Anatomy Chapter Notes]]
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Tunica albuginea</span>'''
**Tough connective tissue layer composed primarily of type I collagen
**'''A bilayered structure (outer longitudinal, inner circular)''' with multiple sublayers.
***'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Outer longitudinal layer</span>'''
****Thinnest at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions of the corpora
****'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Completely absent on the ventral groove between the 5 and 7 o'clock positions.</span>'''
***** '''The most vulnerable area in the tunica albuginea'''
******'''Most prostheses tend to extrude here'''
*****'''<span style="color:#ff0000">The lack of tunica albuginea on the ventral groove may contribute to greater ease of dorsal buckling and explain why most PD patients exhibit dorsal curvature</span>'''
****** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">60-70% of plaques are located on the dorsal aspect of the penis</span> and are usually associated with the septum'''
**'''Covers the corpora cavernosa and *spongiosum'''
***'''*The corpus spongiosum lacks an outer longitudinal layer''' or intracorporeal struts, '''ensuring a low-pressure structure during erections'''
* '''Penile deformity is caused by asymmetrical expansion of the corpora.'''
** '''When expansion is limited at one point along the circumference of the corpora by the inelastic scar of the Peyronie plaque, <span style="color:#ff0000">deviation to affected side occurs</span>'''
*** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Note that in penile fracture, the penis deviates away from the affected side (side of injury)</span>'''
*** A circumferential plaque may lead to an hourglass deformity