Editing Prostate Cancer: Screening (section)

=== <span style="color:#ff00ff">Goteburg</span> ===
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Population: 20,000 men aged 50-64 from Sweden</span>'''
** '''Was included in ERSPC but was independently designed, initiated and reported separately from ERSPC. 60% of participants were included in ERSPC.'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Randomized screening every 2 years</span> (PSA) <span style="color:#ff0000">vs. control</span>'''
** Men with PSA at or above threshold (3.4 ng/ml between 1995 and 1998, 2.9 ng/ml between 1999 and 2004, and 2.5 ng/ml after 2004 (lower than others)) were invited for clinical follow-up with DRE, transrectal ultrasound and laterally directed sextant biopsies
** Only 3% screening of controls; 93% complied with a biopsy recommendation
* '''Primary outcome: prostate cancer-specific mortality'''
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Results:</span>'''
** '''PC mortality: RR 0.65''' (95% CI 0.49–0.87) 18-year follow-up
*** '''NNI: 231'''
*** '''NND: 10'''
** Incidence: RR 1.51 (1.39–1.64)
** 41% '''fewer advanced cases at diagnosis in the screening arm'''
* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20598634/ Hugosson, Jonas, et al.] "Mortality results from the Göteborg randomised population-based prostate-cancer screening trial." The lancet oncology 11.8 (2010): 725-732.
* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29254399/ Hugosson, Jonas, et al.] "Eighteen-year follow-up of the Göteborg Randomized Population-based Prostate Cancer Screening Trial: effect of sociodemographic variables on participation, prostate cancer incidence and mortality." Scandinavian journal of urology 52.1 (2018): 27-37.
There was contamination in the control arms for both ERSPC and Gotteburg trials but significantly lower than PLCO.