Editing Ureters (section)

== Endoscopic anatomy ==

* The trigone is the most vascular part of the bladder and is formed by an extension of the longitudinal muscle fibers of the ureters over the detrusor muscle.
* Both ureteric orifices are rarely seen in a single endoscopic view.
* '''The higher the grade (0-4) of the ureteric orifice, the more lateral the orifice'''
* The interureteral ridge is more prominent in males than females, and the ureteric orifices are symmetrically located along it, ≈1 to 2 cm from the midline.
* The intramural ureter represents the narrowest part of the ureter, with an average diameter of 3 to 4 mm
* The renal papillae appear endoscopically as protruding discs surrounded by calyceal fornices, paler in color than the pink friable epithelium covering the papillae.
* The extrarenal pelvis is usually larger and has longer major calyceal infundibula than the intrarenal pelvis.