Editing Urethral Tumours (section)

=== '''TNM Staging (AJCC 8th edition§)''' ===

* '''Primary tumour (T) (male and female)'''
** TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed
** T0: No evidence of primary tumor
** '''Ta: Non-invasive papillary, polypoid, or verrucous carcinoma'''
** '''Tis: Carcinoma in situ'''
** '''T1: invades subepithelial connective tissue'''
** '''T2: invades'''
**# '''Corpus spongiosum OR'''
**# '''Periurethral muscle'''
** '''T3: invades'''
**# '''Corpus cavernosum''' '''OR'''
**# '''Anterior vagina'''
** '''T4: invades other adjacent organs (e.g. invasion of bladder wall)'''
* '''Urothelial carcinoma of the prostate'''
** '''pTis: carcinoma in situ of the prostatic urethra, periurethra or ducts'''
*** '''Tis pu: Carcinoma in situ, involvement of prostatic urethra'''
*** '''Tis pd: Carcinoma in situ, involvement of prostatic ducts'''
** '''pT1: invasion of prostatic urethral subepithelial connective tissue'''
** '''pT2: invasion of prostatic stroma'''
*** '''In the bladder cancer TNM staging system, only patients with prostatic stromal invasion, either direct or indirect, are considered to have T4a-staged bladder cancer disease'''
*** '''Extension of the tumor into the prostatic urethra without stromal invasion is currently classified under the prostatic urethral section, not bladder'''
** '''pT3''': invasion of periprostatic fat or bladder neck (extraprostatic extension)
** '''pT4''': invasion of adjacent organs (example: bladder wall, rectal wall)
* '''Regional lymph nodes (N) (similar to bladder)'''
** Nx: lymph nodes cannot be assessed
** N0: no lymph node metastasis
** N1: single regional lymph node in the true pelvis
*** True pelvis lymph nodes (5)
***# Perivesical
***# Obturator
***# Internal iliac (hypogastric)
***# External iliac
***# Presacral lymph nodes
** N2: multiple regional lymph node metastases in the true pelvic
** N3: lymph node metastasis to the common iliac lymph nodes
* Distant metastasis (M)
** MX: Presence of distant metastasis cannot be assessed
** M0: No distant metastasis
** M1: Distant metastasis