Editing External Genital Anomalies in Boys (section)

==== Lichen sclerosis (Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans) ====
* '''See Penis and Urethra Surgery Chapter Notes'''
* '''Rare in children age <5 years'''
* '''At puberty, inability to retract the prepuce is the most common presentation'''
* Other presenting symptoms include:
** Local infection
** Irritation
** Discomfort after micturition
** Bleeding
** Occasionally acute urinary retention or urinary incontinence
* '''Circumcision is the preferred treatment along with meatotomy or meatoplasty if there is meatal involvement'''
** Children with meatal involvement should be observed post-operatively because of the risk of recurrent meatal stenosis
** The use of topical corticosteroids has had limited benefit to treat mild BXO of the prepuce with minimal scar formation