Editing Prostate Cancer: Screening (section)

=== <span style="color:#ff00ff">CAP</span> ===
* '''Population: 415,357 men aged 50-69 years from 573 primary care practices across the United Kingdom'''
* '''Randomized to an invitation to attend a PSA testing clinic and receive a single PSA test vs standard (unscreened) practice'''
** Males diagnosed with cancer were then offered inclusion in the ProtecT (Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment) trial, in which they were randomized to monitoring, surgery or radiation, regardless of risk stratum.
* '''Primary outcome: prostate cancer-specific mortality'''
* '''Results'''
** '''PC mortality:''' 
***Median follow-up 10 years: RR 0.93 (0.67 to 1.29)
***Median follow-up 15 years: RR 0.92 (0.85 to 0.99)
****Absolute risk difference 0.09% (0.69% intervention vs. 0.78% control)
**Overall survival:
***Median follow-up 15 years: RR 0.97 (0.94 to 1.01)
** Detection of low-risk prostate cancer cases increased
* Criticisms:
** High nonadherence rate with the intervention
** Modest contamination in the controls
** Inadequate follow-up to truly assess mortality
* [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29509864/ Martin, Richard M., et al.] "Effect of a low-intensity PSA-based screening intervention on prostate cancer mortality: the CAP randomized clinical trial." Jama 319.9 (2018): 883-895.
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38581198/ Martin, Richard M., et al. "Prostate-specific antigen screening and 15-year prostate cancer mortality: a secondary analysis of the CAP randomized clinical trial." ''JAMA'' (2024).]