Editing Surgery of the Adrenals (section)

==== Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy ====

===== Contraindications =====
* '''Absolute'''
*# '''Local recurrence of a previously resected adrenal mass'''
*# '''Invasive adrenal cortical carcinoma with evidence of invasion of neighboring organs or renal artery or vena caval involvement'''
*# '''Contraindications to establishment of pneumoperitoneum§'''
*## '''Cardiac failure'''
*## '''Pulmonary failure'''
*## '''Renal failure'''
*## '''Hemodynamic instability/shock'''
*## '''Increased intracranial pressure'''
*## '''Acute intestinal obstruction with dilated bowel loops'''
*## '''Large pelvic mass'''
*## '''Soft tissue infection at port sites'''
*## '''Acute glaucoma'''
*## '''Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax'''
*## '''Vascular endocranial malformation'''
*## '''Hypertensive retinopathy'''
*## '''Expected (extensive) adhesions from a previous abdominal surgery'''
*## '''Abdominal aortic aneurysm (may be associated with increased risk of vascular rupture)'''
*Relative
*# Large tumor (>6 cm)
*# Localized adrenal cortical carcinoma without adrenal vein or vena caval involvement
*# Morbid obesity
*# Malignant pheochromocytoma
*# Virilizing adrenal tumor (70-80% of these tumors are actually functional adrenal cortical carcinoma)
*# Significant abdominal adhesion
*# History of recurrent pyelonephritis
*# Pregnancy