Editing AUA: Urethral Stricture Disease (2023) (section)

===Optional===
*'''Options (4):'''
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Uroflowmetry</span>'''
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Post-void residual</span>'''
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Patient reported measures</span>'''
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Biopsy</span>'''
====Uroflowmetry====
*To determine severity of obstruction
**May definitively delineate low flow, which is typically considered to be <12 mL/second
*Patients with symptomatic urethral stricture typically have a reduced peak flow rate
*'''The presence of voiding symptoms as described above, in combination with reduced peak flow rate for age, place patients at higher probability for urethral stricture, therefore indicating definitive evaluation such as cystoscopy, RUG, VCUG, or ultrasound urethrography.'''
====Post-void residual====
*To identify urinary retention
====Patient reported measures====
*Help evaluate the presence and severity of patient symptoms and bother
*Several have been developed specific to urethral stricture disease
====Biopsy====
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Indications'''
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Must be performed: suspected urethral cancer</span>'''
**'''<span style="color:#ff0000">May be performed: suspected lichen sclerosis</span>'''
***'''Lichen sclerosis associated strictures have a higher association with urethral cancer'''
****2-9% of male patients with LS have been found to have squamous cell carcinoma , further indicating the need for biopsy in selected cases both to confirm the diagnosis as well as to exclude malignant or premalignant changes.
====MRI====
*Can provide important detail in select cases (i.e., PFUI, diverticulum, fistula, cancer).