Editing Female Pelvis (section)

== Female pelvic organs ==

* '''Uterus'''
** Composed of the uterine body and the cervix and is '''normally anteverted and anteflexed'''
** '''Areterial supply: uterine artery'''
*** '''Branch off the anterior branch of the internal iliac artery'''
*** '''Crosses the ureter close to the cervix and also provides a small branch to the ureter'''
*** '''Passes through the broad ligament''' and feeds the fallopian tube, and then runs laterally and '''joins the ovarian artery'''
* '''Cervix'''
** '''The base of the bladder lies directly in front of cervix on the anterior vaginal wall'''
* '''Ovaries'''
** Supported by the mesovarium and are in the ovarian fossa in the posterior peritoneum, which is bordered by the obliterated umbilical artery, ureter, and internal iliac artery
** Attached to the posterior aspect of the broad ligament and suspended by the infundibulopelvic ligament, which contains the ovarian vessels. It is also attached to the uterus by the ovarian ligament.
** '''Arterial supply: ovarian artery'''
*** '''Arises directly from the aorta'''
*** '''Passes in the infundibulopelvic ligament into the hilum of the ovary'''. '''It then passes through the broad ligament supplying the fallopian tube and joins the uterine artery'''.
*** '''Crosses the iliac vessels anterior and lateral to the ureter'''
** '''Venous drainage: ovarian vein'''
*** A pampiniform plexus drains the ovary and merges into the ovarian vein
*** '''The right vein drains drains directly into the vena cava below the renal vein and the left drains into the left renal vein, similar to the testicle'''
* Fallopian (uterine) tubes
** ≈10 to 12 cm in length
** Draped in the broad ligaments
* Vagina
** The vaginal muscle is lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
** The anterior wall is ≈7.5 cm on average, and the posterior wall is ≈9 cm
** The ureters pass close to the lateral fornices of the vagina and are anterior to the vagina as they enter the bladder.
** The lower 1/4th of the vagina also has somatic innervation from the pudendal nerve and is sensitive to touch and to temperature changes.
* '''Ureter'''
** '''Vulnerable to injury'''
** '''Crosses the infundibulopelvic ligament'''
** '''Posterior to the ovarian artery'''
** '''Posterior and medial to the uterine artery'''
** '''Passes near the cardinal ligament''' and lies in close proximity to the cervix
** Travel for short time on anterolateral aspect of proximal vaginal wall
** Covered by pelvic peritoneum