Editing Kidney Cancer: Diagnosis and Evaluation (section)

==== AUA ====
*'''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28479239/ 2021 AUA Guidelines on Renal Mass and Localized Renal Cancer]'''
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">CBC</span>'''
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Urinalysis (including assessment of proteinuria)</span>'''
*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Comprehensive metabolic panel (electrolytes, liver function tests, assessment of GFR)</span>'''
** CBC should be considered prior to any intervention
** Urinalysis with dipstick and microscopic evaluation should be obtained to assess for proteinuria, hematuria, pyuria or signs of other genitourinary maladies.
*** Presence of proteinuria is an important prognostic indicator and can be detected by standard urine dipstick.
**** Patients with a positive dipstick test (1+ or greater) should undergo confirmation by a quantitative measurement (protein-to-creatinine ratio or albumin-to-creatinine ratio), as part of a focused medical workup for renal dysfunction.
*** Microscopic hematuria should also be further assessed to rule out a co-existing urinary tract conditions
** The comprehensive metabolic panel should be reviewed for electrolyte abnormalities and hepatic functional parameters.
*** Abnormalities in hepatic function may prompt further workup to exclude co-existing hepatic disease or metastases which may impact management or overall prognosis
*** Elevated ALP and/or bone pain should prompt investigation of potential bone metastases
** '''GFR and degree of proteinuria should be used assign CKD stage in patients with a solid or Bosniak 3/4 complex cystic renal mass, as this will influence management'''
*** Proper classification of CKD is outlined in the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Guidelines, which takes into account (3):
***# GFR (CKD-EPI GFR equation)
***# Proteinuria
***# Etiology of CKD
*** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Indications for referral to nephrology in a patient with a renal mass (4):</span>'''
**# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Estimated GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73m2</span>'''
**# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Confirmed proteinuria</span>'''
**# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Diabetics with pre-existing CKD</span>'''
**# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">When eGFR is expected to be <30 mL/min/1.73m2 after intervention</span>'''