Editing Penis (section)

== Vasculature ==

=== Arterial supply ===

* '''Deep arterial system:'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">The internal pudendal artery, (derived from the anterior branch of the internal iliac) gives off the perineal branch and posterior scrotal arteries before continuing on to become the common penile artery.</span>'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">The common penile artery has 3 paired branches: </span><span style="color:#0000ff">CBD</span>'''
**# '''<span style="color:#0000ff">C</span><span style="color:#ff0000">avernosal artery</span>'''
**#* Penetrates the corpus cavernosum in the penile hilum to nearly the center of the erectile tissue
**#* '''Provides straight and helicine arteries that supply the cavernous sinuses'''; the helicine arteries supply the trabecular erectile tissue and the sinusoids. These helicine arteries are contracted and tortuous in the flaccid state and become dilated and straight during erection
**#* '''Effects tumescence of the corpus cavernosum'''
**# '''<span style="color:#0000ff">B</span><span style="color:#ff0000">ulbourethral artery</span>'''
**#* '''Supplies the corpus spongiosum, urethra, and glans'''
**#* Penetrates the perineal membrane where it enters the corpus spongiosum from above at its posterolateral border
**# '''<span style="color:#0000ff">D</span><span style="color:#ff0000">orsal artery</span>'''
**#* '''Supplies''' the dorsal surfaces of the '''corporeal bodies''' '''and''' circumferential branches to the urethra and the '''corpus spongiosum; responsible for engorgement of the glans during erection; supplies distal shaft skin'''
**#* '''Travels between the crus and the pubis then between the dorsal vein and the dorsal penile nerve, all of which attach to the underside of Buck fascia,''' then travels distally toward the glans
*** Distally, these arteries join to form a vascular ring near the glans.
*** Can be a great deal of variability in penile arteries. 
***'''The bulbourethral''' ''[“and urethral”?]'' '''arteries are situated outside the tunica albuginea of the corpus spongiosum''' on the lateral and dorsal sides
***'''The cavernous artery and branches of the dorsal artery''' that supply the corpus cavernosae '''are surrounded by a periarterial soft-tissue sheath, which protects the arteries from occlusion by the tunica albuginea during erection'''
***'''Accessory penile arteries'''
****'''Exist in many instances'''
****'''May constitute the dominant or only arterial supply to the corpus cavernosum in some males.''' 
****'''Accessory pudendal arteries arise most commonly from the obturator artery.'''
* '''Superficial arterial system:'''
** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Branches from the external pudendal (originates from femoral artery) artery supply the penile skin;</span> these vessels run in the dartos fascia layer'''.
** '''The blood supply of the skin is independent of the erectile bodies. The rich anastomotic network makes penile skin ideal for mobilization on a vascular pedicle'''

=== Venous drainage ===

* Drainage from the 3 corpora originates in tiny venules leading from the peripheral sinusoids immediately beneath the tunica albuginea. These venules travel in the trabeculae between the tunica and the peripheral sinusoids to form the subtunical venous plexus before exiting as the emissary veins
* '''Deep dorsal vein'''
** '''Main venous drainage of the glans penis and distal two thirds of the corpora cavernosa'''
** '''Usually a single vein, but sometimes more than one deep dorsal vein exists'''
** '''Beneath Buck fascia and runs between the paired dorsal arteries''' (see above)
** '''Travels between the corporal bodies and runs upward behind the symphysis pubis, between the inferior pubic arch and the striated urinary sphincter, to join the periprostatic venous plexus'''
** '''Trifurcates into'''
*** '''Central superficial branch'''
**** Pierces endopelvic fascia between puboprostatics
**** Drains retropubic fat, anterior bladder and anterior prostate
**** Outside prostatic fascia
**** '''Drains into the internal pudendal vein'''
*** '''2 lateral plexuses'''
**** Sweep on lateral surface of prostate
**** Drain prostate and rectum; these then communicate with vesical plexuses on lower part of bladder
**** 3-5 inferior vesical veins emerge from these lateral vesical plexuses and '''drain into the internal iliac vein'''
**** In females, the dorsal clitoral vein bifurcates to empty into lateral vaginal plexuses; these connect with vesical, uterine, ovarian, and rectal plexuses to drain into the internal iliac vein
**** Connections exist between pelvic plexuses and emissary veins of pelvic bones and vertebral plexuses; proposed route for dissemination of pelvic processes to pelvic & axial bone
*** The veins of the three systems communicate variably with each other.
* '''Superficial dorsal vein'''
** '''External to Buck fascia'''
** '''Drains into saphenous vein'''