Editing Prostate: Transrectal Ultrasound (section)

== Prostatic cysts ==
*'''Rarely clinically significant, regardless of cause'''
*Appear anechoic[https://www.baus.org.uk/_userfiles/pages/files/Publications/Transrectal%20Ultrasound%20%20Prostatic%20Biopsy%20FINAL.pdf]

*'''Classification: congenital vs. acquired'''

=== Congenital prostatic cystic lesions ===
*'''May arise from either (2):'''
*#'''Müllerian (prostatic utricles and müllerian duct cysts) OR'''
*#'''Wolffian (ejaculatory duct and SV cysts) structures'''

==== Enlarged prostatic utricle ====
*A diverticular projection from the posterior urethra at the level of the verumontanum
*'''Appears as a midline anechoic structure'''
*'''Associated with genital anomalies''', including (4):
*#Hypospadias (most common)
*#Ambiguous genitalia
*#Undescended testes
*#Congenital urethral polyps

==== Müllerian duct cysts ====
*Result from failure of the müllerian ducts to fuse with the urethra.
*'''Appears as a midline anechoic structure;''' generally ovoid to pear shaped, with the cyst neck oriented toward the verumontanum.
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Should prompt renal US to assess for unilateral renal agenesis</span>'''

==== SV cysts ====
*'''Can be caused by congenital or acquired obstruction of the ejaculatory duct'''
*'''Associated with cystic renal disease'''
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Should prompt renal US to assess for unilateral renal agenesis</span>'''
*'''Findings associated with Zinner syndrome (3):'''
*#'''Ipsilateral SV cyst'''
*#'''Ejaculatory duct obstruction'''
*#'''Unilateral renal agenesis'''