Editing External Genital Anomalies in Boys (section)

==== Aphallia ====
* '''Penile agenesis results from failure of development of the genital tubercle'''
* '''The karyotype almost always is 46,XY''', and the usual appearance is that of a well-developed scrotum with descended testes and an absent penile shaft.
* Associated malformations are common and include cryptorchidism, vesicoureteral reflux, horseshoe kidney, renal agenesis, imperforate anus, and musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary abnormalities
* '''Testing should include a karyotype''' '''and other appropriate studies to detect associated malformations of the urinary tract or other organ systems.'''
** MRI may be beneficial in determining the severity of the defect