Editing Infections: Antibiotics (section)

===Trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole (SMX)===
*'''TMP alone or in combination with SMX is effective against most common uropathogens; not effective against Enterococcus and Pseudomonas.'''
**TMP alone is as effective as the combination for most uncomplicated infections and may be associated with fewer side effects; however, the addition of SMX contributes to efficacy in the treatment of upper tract infection via a synergistic bactericidal effect and may diminish the emergence of resistance and attains therapeutic levels in most tissues.
*Advantages are inexpensive and have '''minimal adverse effects on the bowel flora'''
*Disadvantages are relatively common adverse effects, consisting primarily of rashes and gastrointestinal complaints.
*'''Trimethoprim blocks the tubular secretion of creatinine.'''
**Since creatinine is produced at a steady state, the serum creatinine will rise, but the GFR does not change
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">TMP-SMX should be avoided during pregnancy because of early potential for teratogenicity and late potential for kernicterus'''
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Trimethoprim alone should be avoided in pregnancy due to risk of megaloblastic anemia; trimethoprim alone can be used in neonates'''