Editing Kidney Cancer: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis (section)

==== Acquired ====

*'''Majority of cases are believed to be sporadic'''
* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Established risk factors (4):'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Obesity'''
*#* Accounts for ≈30% of incident cases
*#* Obese patients are more likely to develop RCC but these tumours are more likely to be low-grade, early stage tumours
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Smoking'''
*#* Accounts for ≈20% of incident cases
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Hypertension'''
*# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Chronic renal failure'''
*#* '''Controversial;''' however, patients on maintenance dialysis also are reported to have an increased risk
*#** It has been suggested to delay screening for kidney cancer in patients on dialysis and without other major comorbidities until the 3rd year on dialysis.
* '''Other risk factors (5):'''
*# '''Family history of renal malignancy (without familial syndrome)'''
*# '''Exposure to chlorinated solvents'''
*# '''Retroperitoneal radiation'''
*# '''Diet'''
*#* '''Moderate alcohol intake, consumption of fruits and (cruciferous) vegetables, and a diet rich in fatty fish are believed to reduce the risk of RCC'''
*# '''Acquired cystic renal disease'''
* '''No increased risk of RCC in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease'''