Editing Penis and Urethra Surgery (section)

===== Primary urethral reconstruction (5) =====
# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Oral mucosal graft'''
#* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Can be taken from (3):'''
#*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Cheek (buccal)'''
#*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Lip (labial)'''
#*#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Undersurface of the tongue (lingual)'''
#* '''Buccal mucosa is thought to have a panlaminar plexus'''
#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Bladder epithelial graft'''
#* Issues with desiccation and hypertrophic growth have limited its use in the distal urethra
#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Rectal mucosa graft'''
#* Little is known about the characteristics of the rectal mucosal graft
#'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Skin grafts (full-thickness (FTSG) and split-thickness (STSG))'''
#* STSGs have been used for staged anterior urethral reconstruction
#* Extragenital FTSGs have an increased mass compared to genital FTSGs.
#** This increased mass makes the graft more fastidious, and the poor results reported with urethral reconstruction with extragenital FTSGs are probably due to poor or ischemic take.
#** The posterior auricular graft (Wolfe graft) is an exception to the rule concerning extragenital skin.
# '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Skin island flaps based on the dartos fascia or tunica dartos'''
* The bladder epithelial graft and the oral mucosal graft have numerous vascular properties that make them desirable for urethral reconstruction.
* '''Tunica vaginalis grafts have been tried for urethral reconstruction with uniformly poor results.'''