Bladder Cancer: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis: Difference between revisions

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#* '''Aromatic β-naphthylamine (most implicated as cause), amines, benzenes, arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated hydrocarbons'''

#* '''Primarily in areas with a heavy concentration of chemical industries:'''

#** '''Dye'''

#** '''Dye (Aniline dye)'''

#** '''Rubber'''

#** '''Plastic'''

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=== Genetic risk factors ===

* '''Family history'''

* '''Family history'''

** '''First-degree relatives''': relative risk 2x

* '''Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer)'''

* '''Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer)'''

** '''Autosomal dominant, germline mutation in mismatch repair genes'''

** '''See [[Lynch syndrome|Lynch Syndrome]] Chapter Notes'''

**'''Autosomal dominant, germline mutation in mismatch repair genes'''

** '''Associated with extracolonic cancer, including bladder cancer and upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma'''

*** ≈5% of patients with LS are diagnosed with bladder cancer

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## Lynch syndrome

== Next Chapter: Pathology ~~and TNM Staging~~ ==

== Next Chapter: [[Bladder Cancer: Pathology|Pathology]] ==

== References ==

@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 #* '''Aromatic β-naphthylamine (most implicated as cause), amines, benzenes, arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated hydrocarbons'''
 #* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Primarily in areas with a heavy concentration of chemical industries:</span>'''
-#** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Dye</span>'''
+#** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Dye (Aniline dye)</span>'''
 #** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Rubber</span>'''
 #** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Plastic</span>'''
@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 === Genetic risk factors ===
-* '''Family history'''
+* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Family history</span>'''
 ** '''First-degree relatives''': relative risk 2x
-* '''Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer)'''
+* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer)</span>'''
-** '''Autosomal dominant, germline mutation in mismatch repair genes'''
+** '''See [[Lynch syndrome|Lynch Syndrome]] Chapter Notes'''
+**'''Autosomal dominant, germline mutation in mismatch repair genes'''
 ** '''Associated with extracolonic cancer, including bladder cancer and upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma'''
 *** ≈5% of patients with LS are diagnosed with bladder cancer
@@ Line 118: / Line 119: @@
 ## Lynch syndrome
-== Next Chapter: Pathology and TNM Staging ==
+== Next Chapter: [[Bladder Cancer: Pathology|Pathology]] ==
 == References ==