Benign Bladder Tumours: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Bladder Cancer]]
[[Category:Bladder Cancer]]


# '''Epithelial metaplasia'''
== Epithelial Metaplasia ==
#* '''Squamous metaplasia'''
* '''Squamous metaplasia'''
#** Often has a '''knobby appearance''' and is covered by '''white, flaky,''' '''easily disrupted material lying on the trigone'''.
** Often has a '''knobby appearance''' and is covered by '''white, flaky,''' '''easily disrupted material lying on the trigone'''.
#** '''≈40% of women''' and 5% of men '''have squamous metaplasia of the bladder, which is usually related to infection, trauma, or surgery; a normal finding in premenopausal females'''
** '''≈40% of women''' and 5% of men '''have squamous metaplasia of the bladder, which is usually related to infection, trauma, or surgery; a normal finding in premenopausal females'''
#* '''Glandular metaplasia'''
* '''Glandular metaplasia'''
#** '''Appears as clumps of raised red areas that appear inflammatory'''
** '''Appears as clumps of raised red areas that appear inflammatory'''
#** '''Often confused for cancer'''
** '''Often confused for cancer'''
#* '''No treatment is needed'''
# '''Leukoplakia'''
#* '''Similar to squamous metaplasia with the addition of keratin deposition''' that appears as a white flaky substance floating in the bladder
#* '''No treatment is needed'''
# '''Urothelial papilloma'''
#* '''Composed of delicate stalks''' lined by normal-appearing urothelium
#* '''Papillomas may recur, but do not progress or invade'''
# '''Inverted papilloma'''
#* '''Associated with chronic inflammation or bladder outlet obstruction'''
#* Can be located throughout the bladder but '''most commonly on the trigone'''
#* '''1% incidence of tumor recurrence, but do not progress or invade'''
#* Transurethral resection is the treatment
# '''Nephrogenic Adenoma'''
#* '''Rare'''
#* '''Caused by chronic irritation of the urothelium; also associated with trauma''', previous surgery, '''renal''' '''transplantation, intravesical chemotherapy, stones, catheters, and infection'''
# '''Cystitis Cystica and Glandularis'''
#* Common finding in normal bladders
#* '''Usually associated with inflammation or chronic obstruction'''
#* '''Cystitis glandularis may be associated with pelvic lipomatosis'''
#* '''Few case reports of cystitis cystica or glandularis transforming into adenocarcinoma, and therefore regular endoscopic evaluation of patients with these entities is recommended'''
# '''Leiomyoma'''
#* Occur most commonly in women of childbearing age
#* Surgical resection is required if the leiomyoma is large or painful
# '''Endometriosis'''


** Can be treated with hormones, TUR, or partial cystectomy
=== Management ===
*'''No treatment is needed'''
 
== Leukoplakia ==
* '''Similar to squamous metaplasia with the addition of keratin deposition''' that appears as a white flaky substance floating in the bladder
 
=== Management ===
*'''No treatment is needed'''
 
== Urothelial papilloma ==
* '''Composed of delicate stalks''' lined by normal-appearing urothelium
* '''Papillomas may recur, but do not progress or invade'''
 
== Inverted papilloma ==
* '''Associated with chronic inflammation or bladder outlet obstruction'''
* Can be located throughout the bladder but '''most commonly on the trigone'''
* '''1% incidence of tumor recurrence, but do not progress or invade'''
 
=== Management ===
*Transurethral resection is the treatment
 
== Nephrogenic Adenoma ==
* '''Rare'''
* '''Caused by chronic irritation of the urothelium; also associated with trauma''', previous surgery, '''renal''' '''transplantation, intravesical chemotherapy, stones, catheters, and infection'''
 
== Cystitis Cystica and Glandularis ==
* Common finding in normal bladders
* '''Usually associated with inflammation or chronic obstruction'''
* '''Cystitis glandularis may be associated with pelvic lipomatosis'''
 
=== Management ===
*'''<span style="color:#ff0000">Regular endoscopic evaluation of patients with these entities is recommended'''
**'''Few case reports of cystitis cystica or glandularis transforming into adenocarcinoma'''
 
== Leiomyoma ==
* Occur most commonly in women of childbearing age
 
=== Management ===
*Surgical resection is required if the leiomyoma is large or painful
 
== Endometriosis ==
 
=== Management ===
*Can be treated with hormones, TUR, or partial cystectomy


== Questions ==
== Questions ==

Latest revision as of 07:51, 30 July 2024


Epithelial Metaplasia[edit | edit source]

  • Squamous metaplasia
    • Often has a knobby appearance and is covered by white, flaky, easily disrupted material lying on the trigone.
    • ≈40% of women and 5% of men have squamous metaplasia of the bladder, which is usually related to infection, trauma, or surgery; a normal finding in premenopausal females
  • Glandular metaplasia
    • Appears as clumps of raised red areas that appear inflammatory
    • Often confused for cancer

Management[edit | edit source]

  • No treatment is needed

Leukoplakia[edit | edit source]

  • Similar to squamous metaplasia with the addition of keratin deposition that appears as a white flaky substance floating in the bladder

Management[edit | edit source]

  • No treatment is needed

Urothelial papilloma[edit | edit source]

  • Composed of delicate stalks lined by normal-appearing urothelium
  • Papillomas may recur, but do not progress or invade

Inverted papilloma[edit | edit source]

  • Associated with chronic inflammation or bladder outlet obstruction
  • Can be located throughout the bladder but most commonly on the trigone
  • 1% incidence of tumor recurrence, but do not progress or invade

Management[edit | edit source]

  • Transurethral resection is the treatment

Nephrogenic Adenoma[edit | edit source]

  • Rare
  • Caused by chronic irritation of the urothelium; also associated with trauma, previous surgery, renal transplantation, intravesical chemotherapy, stones, catheters, and infection

Cystitis Cystica and Glandularis[edit | edit source]

  • Common finding in normal bladders
  • Usually associated with inflammation or chronic obstruction
  • Cystitis glandularis may be associated with pelvic lipomatosis

Management[edit | edit source]

  • Regular endoscopic evaluation of patients with these entities is recommended
    • Few case reports of cystitis cystica or glandularis transforming into adenocarcinoma

Leiomyoma[edit | edit source]

  • Occur most commonly in women of childbearing age

Management[edit | edit source]

  • Surgical resection is required if the leiomyoma is large or painful

Endometriosis[edit | edit source]

Management[edit | edit source]

  • Can be treated with hormones, TUR, or partial cystectomy

Questions[edit | edit source]

  1. List benign tumours of the bladder

Answers[edit | edit source]

  1. List benign tumours of the bladder
    1. Epithelial metaplasia
    2. Leukoplakia
    3. Papilloma
    4. Inverted papilloma
    5. Nephrogenic adenoma
    6. Cystitis cystica/glandularis
    7. Leiomyoma
    8. Endometriosis

References[edit | edit source]

  • Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA (eds): CAMPBELL-WALSH UROLOGY, ed 11. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2015, chap 92
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