Testosterone Deficiency (2024): Difference between revisions

← Older edit Newer edit →

VisualWikitext

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 == Pathophysiology ==
-* '''Causes classified as primary vs. secondary'''
+=== Classification ===
+*'''Causes classified as primary vs. secondary'''
 ** '''Primary: caused by testicular failure'''
 ** '''Secondary: caused by the disruption at the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis level'''
-** '''Primary (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism) causes (5):'''
+=== Primary hypogonadism ===
-**# '''Congenital causes (DUNKY XX):'''
+* '''Primary (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism) causes (5):'''
-**## '''Down syndrone'''
+*# '''Congenital causes (DUNKY XX):'''
-**## '''Undescended testis'''
+*## '''Down syndrone'''
-**## '''Noonan’s'''
+*## '''Undescended testis'''
-**## '''Kleinfelters'''
+*## '''Noonan’s'''
-**## '''Y-microdeletions'''
+*## '''Kleinfelters'''
-**## '''XX-male'''
+*## '''Y-microdeletions'''
-**# '''Iatrogenic causes (e.g., bilateral orchiectomy, testicular radiation, chemotherapy)'''
+*## '''XX-male'''
-**# '''Testicular trauma'''
+*# '''Iatrogenic causes (e.g., bilateral orchiectomy, testicular radiation, chemotherapy)'''
-**# '''Infection (orchitis)'''
+*# '''Testicular trauma'''
-**# '''Auto-immune'''
+*# '''Infection (orchitis)'''
-** '''Secondary (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) causes (8):'''
+*# '''Auto-immune'''
-**# '''Congenital causes (e.g. Kallman syndrome (congenital deficiency of GnRH))'''
-**# '''Pituitary or suprasellar tumors'''
+=== Secondary hypogonadism ===
-**# '''Pituitary infiltrative disorders (e.g., hemochromatosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, histiocytosis)'''
+*'''Secondary (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) causes (8):'''
-**# '''Pituitary apoplexy'''
+*# '''Congenital causes (e.g. Kallman syndrome (congenital deficiency of GnRH))'''
-**# '''Medications (i.e. chronic opioid exposure)'''
+*# '''Pituitary or suprasellar tumors'''
-**# '''Hyperprolactinemia'''
+*# '''Pituitary infiltrative disorders (e.g., hemochromatosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, histiocytosis)'''
-**# '''Severe chronic illness'''
+*# '''Pituitary apoplexy'''
-**# '''Systemic illnesses associated with AD:'''
+*# '''Medications (i.e. chronic opioid exposure)'''
-**** '''Diabetes'''
+*# '''Hyperprolactinemia'''
-**** '''Obesity'''
+*# '''Severe chronic illness'''
-**** '''HIV'''
+*# '''Systemic illnesses associated with AD:'''
-**** '''Myocardial infarction'''
+*** '''Diabetes'''
-**** '''Stroke'''
+*** '''Obesity'''
-**** '''COPD'''
+*** '''HIV'''
-**** '''Respiratory illness'''
+*** '''Myocardial infarction'''
-**** '''Cancer'''
+*** '''Stroke'''
-**** '''Sepsis'''
+*** '''COPD'''
-**** '''Chronic liver disease'''
+*** '''Respiratory illness'''
-**** '''Chronic kidney disease;''' renal transplantation appears to reverse the hormonal abnormalities associated with ESRD
+*** '''Cancer'''
-**** '''Rheumatoid arthritis'''
+*** '''Sepsis'''
-**** '''Burn injury'''
+*** '''Chronic liver disease'''
-**** '''Traumatic brain injury'''
+*** '''Chronic kidney disease;''' renal transplantation appears to reverse the hormonal abnormalities associated with ESRD
-**** '''Surgical stress'''
+*** '''Rheumatoid arthritis'''
+*** '''Burn injury'''
+*** '''Traumatic brain injury'''
+*** '''Surgical stress'''
 == Diagnosis and Evaluation ==