Pediatrics: Vesicoureteral Reflux: Difference between revisions
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== Embryology of the Ureterovesical Junction == | == Embryology of the Ureterovesical Junction == | ||
* | * '''Primary vesicoureteral reflux is due to early budding that results in a lateral and high insertion in the bladder''' | ||
* '''A ureteral bud that is laterally (cranially) positioned from a normal takeoff at the trigone offers an embryologic explanation for primary reflux,''' whereas those inferiorly (caudally) positioned are often obstructed. | **'''A ureteral bud that is laterally (cranially) positioned from a normal takeoff at the trigone offers an embryologic explanation for primary reflux,''' whereas those inferiorly (caudally) positioned are often obstructed. | ||
*'''Ectopic ureter is due to late budding''' (the ureteric bud reaches the urogenital sinus too late) that results in insufficient rotation and ectopic ureter | |||
== Functional Anatomy of the Antireflux Mechanism == | == Functional Anatomy of the Antireflux Mechanism == | ||