Benign Bladder Tumours: Difference between revisions
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[[Category:Bladder Cancer]] | [[Category:Bladder Cancer]] | ||
== Epithelial | == Epithelial Metaplasia == | ||
* '''Squamous metaplasia''' | * '''Squamous metaplasia''' | ||
** Often has a '''knobby appearance''' and is covered by '''white, flaky,''' '''easily disrupted material lying on the trigone'''. | ** Often has a '''knobby appearance''' and is covered by '''white, flaky,''' '''easily disrupted material lying on the trigone'''. | ||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
** '''Appears as clumps of raised red areas that appear inflammatory''' | ** '''Appears as clumps of raised red areas that appear inflammatory''' | ||
** '''Often confused for cancer''' | ** '''Often confused for cancer''' | ||
* '''No treatment is needed''' | * '''Management''' | ||
**'''No treatment is needed''' | |||
== Leukoplakia == | == Leukoplakia == | ||
* '''Similar to squamous metaplasia with the addition of keratin deposition''' that appears as a white flaky substance floating in the bladder | * '''Similar to squamous metaplasia with the addition of keratin deposition''' that appears as a white flaky substance floating in the bladder | ||
* '''No treatment is needed''' | * '''Management''' | ||
**'''No treatment is needed''' | |||
== Urothelial papilloma == | == Urothelial papilloma == | ||
| Line 22: | Line 24: | ||
* Can be located throughout the bladder but '''most commonly on the trigone''' | * Can be located throughout the bladder but '''most commonly on the trigone''' | ||
* '''1% incidence of tumor recurrence, but do not progress or invade''' | * '''1% incidence of tumor recurrence, but do not progress or invade''' | ||
* Transurethral resection is the treatment | * Management | ||
**Transurethral resection is the treatment | |||
== Nephrogenic Adenoma == | == Nephrogenic Adenoma == | ||
| Line 32: | Line 35: | ||
* '''Usually associated with inflammation or chronic obstruction''' | * '''Usually associated with inflammation or chronic obstruction''' | ||
* '''Cystitis glandularis may be associated with pelvic lipomatosis''' | * '''Cystitis glandularis may be associated with pelvic lipomatosis''' | ||
* '''Few case reports of cystitis cystica or glandularis transforming into adenocarcinoma | * '''Management''' | ||
**'''Regular endoscopic evaluation of patients with these entities is recommended''' | |||
***'''Few case reports of cystitis cystica or glandularis transforming into adenocarcinoma''' | |||
== Leiomyoma == | == Leiomyoma == | ||
* Occur most commonly in women of childbearing age | * Occur most commonly in women of childbearing age | ||
* Surgical resection is required if the leiomyoma is large or painful | * Management | ||
**Surgical resection is required if the leiomyoma is large or painful | |||
== Endometriosis == | == Endometriosis == | ||
* Can be treated with hormones, TUR, or partial cystectomy | * Management | ||
**Can be treated with hormones, TUR, or partial cystectomy | |||
== Questions == | == Questions == | ||
Revision as of 17:06, 20 March 2024
Epithelial Metaplasia
- Squamous metaplasia
- Often has a knobby appearance and is covered by white, flaky, easily disrupted material lying on the trigone.
- ≈40% of women and 5% of men have squamous metaplasia of the bladder, which is usually related to infection, trauma, or surgery; a normal finding in premenopausal females
- Glandular metaplasia
- Appears as clumps of raised red areas that appear inflammatory
- Often confused for cancer
- Management
- No treatment is needed
Leukoplakia
- Similar to squamous metaplasia with the addition of keratin deposition that appears as a white flaky substance floating in the bladder
- Management
- No treatment is needed
Urothelial papilloma
- Composed of delicate stalks lined by normal-appearing urothelium
- Papillomas may recur, but do not progress or invade
Inverted papilloma
- Associated with chronic inflammation or bladder outlet obstruction
- Can be located throughout the bladder but most commonly on the trigone
- 1% incidence of tumor recurrence, but do not progress or invade
- Management
- Transurethral resection is the treatment
Nephrogenic Adenoma
- Rare
- Caused by chronic irritation of the urothelium; also associated with trauma, previous surgery, renal transplantation, intravesical chemotherapy, stones, catheters, and infection
Cystitis Cystica and Glandularis
- Common finding in normal bladders
- Usually associated with inflammation or chronic obstruction
- Cystitis glandularis may be associated with pelvic lipomatosis
- Management
- Regular endoscopic evaluation of patients with these entities is recommended
- Few case reports of cystitis cystica or glandularis transforming into adenocarcinoma
- Regular endoscopic evaluation of patients with these entities is recommended
Leiomyoma
- Occur most commonly in women of childbearing age
- Management
- Surgical resection is required if the leiomyoma is large or painful
Endometriosis
- Management
- Can be treated with hormones, TUR, or partial cystectomy
Questions
- List benign tumours of the bladder
Answers
- List benign tumours of the bladder
- Epithelial metaplasia
- Leukoplakia
- Papilloma
- Inverted papilloma
- Nephrogenic adenoma
- Cystitis cystica/glandularis
- Leiomyoma
- Endometriosis
References
- Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA (eds): CAMPBELL-WALSH UROLOGY, ed 11. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2015, chap 92