Penile Cancer: Squamous Penile Cancer: Difference between revisions

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=== TNM Staging AJCC 8th edition ===

* '''Primary tumour (T)~~'''~~

==== Primary tumour (T) ====

** '''TX: Primary tumour cannot be assessed'''

* '''TX: Primary tumour cannot be assessed'''

** '''T0: No evidence of primary tumour'''

* '''T0: No evidence of primary tumour'''

** '''Tis: Carcinoma in situ'''

* '''Tis: Carcinoma in situ'''

** '''Ta: non-invasive squamous cell carcinoma types including basaloid, warty, verrucous, papillary, and mixed types'''

* '''Ta: non-invasive squamous cell carcinoma types including basaloid, warty, verrucous, papillary, and mixed types'''

** '''T1: invades subepithelial connective tissue'''

* '''T1: invades subepithelial connective tissue'''

*** '''T1a: WITHOUT lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and is not high grade (i.e. grade 3-4 or sarcomatoid)'''

** '''T1a: WITHOUT lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and is not high grade (i.e. grade 3-4 or sarcomatoid)'''

*** '''T1b: WITH lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, or high grade (i.e. grade 3-4 or sarcomatoid)'''

** '''T1b: WITH lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, or high grade (i.e. grade 3-4 or sarcomatoid)'''

** '''T2: invades corpora spongiosum'''

* '''T2: invades corpora spongiosum'''

** '''T3: invades corpus cavernosum'''

* '''T3: invades corpus cavernosum'''

** '''T4: invades other adjacent structures'''

* '''T4: invades other adjacent structures'''

* '''Lymph nodes (N)~~'''~~

** '''Clinical'''

==== Lymph nodes (N) ====

*** cNX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed

* '''Clinical'''

*** '''cN0: No palpable or visibly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes'''

** cNX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed

*** '''cN1: unilateral, solitary, mobile inguinal lymph node'''

** '''cN0: No palpable or visibly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes'''

*** '''cN2: ≥2 unilateral, mobile inguinal lymph nodes or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes'''

** '''cN1: unilateral, solitary, mobile inguinal lymph node'''

*** '''cN3: fixed nodal mass,''' regardless of the size or unilateral/bilateral involvement

** '''cN2: ≥2 unilateral, mobile inguinal lymph nodes or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes'''

** '''Pathological'''

** '''cN3: fixed nodal mass,''' regardless of the size or unilateral/bilateral involvement

*** pNX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed

* '''Pathological'''

*** pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis

** pNX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed

*** '''pN1: up to 2 unilateral positive inguinal lymph nodes'''

** pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis

*** '''pN2: ≥3 unilateral lymph nodes or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes'''

** '''pN1: up to 2 unilateral positive inguinal lymph nodes'''

*** '''pN3: extra-nodal extension or pelvic lymph node(s)'''

** '''pN2: ≥3 unilateral lymph nodes or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes'''

**** A lymph node > 4 cm is often associated with extranodal extension of cancer.

** '''pN3: extra-nodal extension or pelvic lymph node(s)'''

* '''Distant metastasis (M)~~'''~~

*** A lymph node > 4 cm is often associated with extranodal extension of cancer.

** M0: No distant metastasis (no pathologic M0; use clinical M to complete staging group)

** M1: Distant metastasis: lymph node metastasis outside the true pelvis, or to visceral or bone sites

==== Distant metastasis (M) ====

* M0: No distant metastasis (no pathologic M0; use clinical M to complete staging group)

* M1: Distant metastasis: lymph node metastasis outside the true pelvis, or to visceral or bone sites

=== Natural history ===

@@ Line 111: / Line 111: @@
 === TNM Staging AJCC 8th edition ===
-* '''Primary tumour (T)'''
+==== Primary tumour (T) ====
-** '''TX: Primary tumour cannot be assessed'''
+* '''TX: Primary tumour cannot be assessed'''
-** '''T0: No evidence of primary tumour'''
+* '''T0: No evidence of primary tumour'''
-** '''Tis: Carcinoma in situ'''
+* '''Tis: Carcinoma in situ'''
-** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Ta: non-invasive squamous cell carcinoma types</span> including basaloid, warty, verrucous, papillary, and mixed types'''
+* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">Ta: non-invasive squamous cell carcinoma types</span> including basaloid, warty, verrucous, papillary, and mixed types'''
-** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T1: invades subepithelial connective tissue</span>'''
+* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T1: invades subepithelial connective tissue</span>'''
-*** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T1a: WITHOUT lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and is not high grade (i.e. grade 3-4 or sarcomatoid)</span>'''
+** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T1a: WITHOUT lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and is not high grade (i.e. grade 3-4 or sarcomatoid)</span>'''
-*** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T1b: WITH lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, or high grade (i.e. grade 3-4 or sarcomatoid)</span>'''
+** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T1b: WITH lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, or high grade (i.e. grade 3-4 or sarcomatoid)</span>'''
-** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T2: invades corpora spongiosum</span>'''
+* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T2: invades corpora spongiosum</span>'''
-** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T3: invades corpus cavernosum</span>'''
+* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T3: invades corpus cavernosum</span>'''
-** '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T4: invades other adjacent structures</span>'''
+* '''<span style="color:#ff0000">T4: invades other adjacent structures</span>'''
-* '''Lymph nodes (N)'''
-** '''Clinical'''
+==== Lymph nodes (N) ====
-*** cNX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed
+* '''Clinical'''
-*** '''cN0: No palpable or visibly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes'''
+** cNX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed
-*** '''cN1: unilateral, solitary, mobile inguinal lymph node'''
+** '''cN0: No palpable or visibly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes'''
-*** '''cN2: ≥2 unilateral, mobile inguinal lymph nodes or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes'''
+** '''cN1: unilateral, solitary, mobile inguinal lymph node'''
-*** '''cN3: fixed nodal mass,''' regardless of the size or unilateral/bilateral involvement
+** '''cN2: ≥2 unilateral, mobile inguinal lymph nodes or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes'''
-** '''Pathological'''
+** '''cN3: fixed nodal mass,''' regardless of the size or unilateral/bilateral involvement
-*** pNX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed
+* '''Pathological'''
-*** pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis
+** pNX: Regional nodes cannot be assessed
-*** '''pN1: up to 2 unilateral positive inguinal lymph nodes'''
+** pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis
-*** '''pN2: ≥3 unilateral lymph nodes or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes'''
+** '''pN1: up to 2 unilateral positive inguinal lymph nodes'''
-*** '''pN3: extra-nodal extension or pelvic lymph node(s)'''
+** '''pN2: ≥3 unilateral lymph nodes or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes'''
-**** A lymph node > 4 cm is often associated with extranodal extension of cancer.
+** '''pN3: extra-nodal extension or pelvic lymph node(s)'''
-* '''Distant metastasis (M)'''
+*** A lymph node > 4 cm is often associated with extranodal extension of cancer.
-** M0: No distant metastasis (no pathologic M0; use clinical M to complete staging group)
-** M1: Distant metastasis: lymph node metastasis outside the true pelvis, or to visceral or bone sites
+==== Distant metastasis (M) ====
+* M0: No distant metastasis (no pathologic M0; use clinical M to complete staging group)
+* M1: Distant metastasis: lymph node metastasis outside the true pelvis, or to visceral or bone sites
 === Natural history ===