Landmark studies
Oncology
Prostate Cancer
Prevention
- PCPT 2003 (Finasteride)
- SELECT 2009 (Selenium and Vitamin E)
- REDUCE 2010 (Dutasteride)
Screening
- PLCO 2008
- ERSPC 2009
- Goteburg 2010
- CAP 2018
Diagnosis and Evalutation
- MRI PROMIS 2017
- PRECISION 2018
- MRI-FIRST 2019
- ASIST 2019 (MRI in AS)
- STHLM3 NEJM 2021 (MRI-targetted vs. standard biopsy in prostate cancer screening)
- PET proPSMA 2020
- Goteborg-2 NEJM 2022 & 2024 (Systematic +/- targeted vs. targeted only prostate biopsy diagnosis and screening)
PSA and Other Markers
- Stamey et al. NEJM 1987
- Catalona et al. NEJM 1991
- Catalona et al. J Urol 1994 (PSA vs. DRE detection in screening)
- Catalona et al. 1998 (%fPSA)
Prostate Biopsy
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis in TRUS Biopsy of the Prostate Cochrane Review 2011
- Rates of hospital admission and mortality after TRUS-biopsy J Urol 2013
Management of Localized Disease
Observation vs. Treatment of Prostate Cancer
- PIVOT NEJM 2012
- SPCG-4 NEJM 2014
- PROTECT NEJM 2016
Active surveillance
- REDEEM Lancet 2012 (dutasteride in AS progression)
Radical prostatectomy
- Antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of catheter removal after radical prostatectomy
Radiation and ADT
- EORTC 22863 NEJM 1997 (EBRT +/- 3 years ADT)
- RTOG 86-10 (EBRT +/- 4 months ADT)
- RTOG 92-02
- EORTC 22961
- PR3/PR07
- SPCG-7/SFUO-3
Post-prostatectomy radiation
- Adjuvant vs. Observation
- ARTISTIC Lancet 2020 (meta-analysis of adjuvant vs. salvage)
- RADICALS Lancet 2020 (adjuvant vs. salvage)
Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
- CHAARTED NEJM 2015 (docetaxel)
- STAMPEDE Lancet 2016 (docetaxel)
- STAMPEDE NEJM 2017 (abiraterone)
- LATITUDE NEJM 2017 (abiraterone)
- STAMPEDE Lancet 2018 (radiation)
- ENZAMET NEJM 2019 (enzalutamide)
- ARCHES JCO 2019 (enzalutamide)
- TITAN NEJM 2019 (enzalutamide)
- HERO NEJM 2020 (LHRH antagonist)
Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Non-metastatic
- ARAMIS NEJM 2018 (darolutamide)
- SPARTAN NEJM 2018 (apalutamide)
- PROSPER NEJM 2018 (enzalutamide)
Metastatic
Pre-docetaxel
- AFFIRM NEJM 2012 (enzalutamide)
- PREVAIL NEJM 2014 (enzalutamide)
- COU-AA-302
- TAX-327
- IMPACT
Post-docetaxel
- COU-AA-301
- VISION (177Lu-PSMA-617)
- PROfound NEJM 2020 (Olaparib)
- Denosumab vs. zoledronate
- TheraP (177Lu-PSMA-617 vs. cabazitaxel)
- ALSYMPCA (Radium-223)
Incidence of germline mutations in genes mediating DNA-repair processes in prostate cancer NEJM 2016
Kidney Cancer
- EORTC 30904 Partial vs. Radical Nephrectomy
- EORTC 30811 Eur Urol 2009 LND for cN0 suspected RCC
Cytoreductive nephrectomy
- SWOG 8949 IFN-α vs. CN + IFN-α vs.
- EORTC 30947 IFN-α vs. CN + IFN-α
- SURTIME JAMA Onc 2019 CN + sunitnib vs. sunitnib + CN
- CARMENA NEJM 2018 sunitnib vs. CN + sunitnib
Systemic treatment for metastatic disease
- CheckMate 214 NEJM 2018 (nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. sunitnib for untreated, advanced clear-cell RCC)
- CheckMate 9ER NEJM 2020 (nivolumab + cabozantinib vs. sunitnib for untreated, advanced clear-cell RCC)
- CLEAR NEJM 2021 (lenvatinib + pembrolizumab vs. lenvatinib + everolimus vs. sunitinib)
Adjuvant therapy after nephrectomy
- ASSURE Lancet 2016 (sunitnib vs. sorafenib)
- S-TRAC (sunitnib)
- KEYNOTE-564 (pembrolizumab)
Bladder Cancer
NMIBC
Intravesical Therapy
Chemotherapy
- Meta-analysis of trials evaluating chemotherapy on risk of NMIBC recurrence 2013
BCG
- SWOG 8216/38 NEJM 1991 (BCG vs. doxorubicin BCG maintenance)
- SWOG 8507 J Urol 2000 (induction vs. induction + maintenance BCG)
- BCG and NMIBC Recurrence Cochrane Review 2000
- BCG and NMIBC Progression Meta-analaysis 2002
- BCG vs. MMC in NMIBC Cochrane Review 2003
BCG unresponsive NMIBC
- KEYNOTE-057 (pembrolizumab for BCG-unresponsive CIS)
MIBC
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Cystectomy
Systemic treatment for locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic disease
- KEYNOTE-361 Lancet Onc 2021 (pembrolizumab + chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone vs. pembrolizumab alone)
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma
- Olympus Lancet Onc 2020 (UGN-101 for papillary UTUC)
Non-Oncology
Andrology
- Testosterone Deficiency
- Peyronie's Disease
Functional
- MTOPS (combination alpha-blocker + 5ARI)
- CombAT (combination alpha-blocker + 5ARI)
Pediatrics
- RIVUR NEJM 2014 (antibiotic prophylaxis in VUR)
Other
- Mechanical Bowel Preparation for Elective Colorectal Surgery Cochrane Review 2011
Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery
- Fecal Incontinence
- CAPABLE (biofeedback vs loperamide for FI)
- Mixed Urinary Incontinence
- ESTEEM (PT + Sling vs Sling alone)
- Pelvic Organ Prolapse
- OPTIMAL/eOPTIMAL (SSLF vs USLS for apical prolapse; PMFT vs no intervention for associated urinary symptoms)
- PESSRI (ring vs gelhorn pessary)
- SUPeR/eSUPeR (vaginal mesh hysteropexy vs TVH/USLS for POP)
- Prolapse Associated Incontinence
- CARE/eCARE (Burch + colpopexy vs colpopexy alone in women with preop SUI)
- OPUS (Vaginal POP surgery + TVT vs vaginal POP surgery alone)
- Non-neurogenic Overactive Bladder
- ABC (Anticholinergics vs Onabotulinum toxin A)
- ORBIT (PTNS vs Tolterodine ER)
- ROSETTA (Onabotulinum Toxin A 200u vs Interstim)
- SUMiT/STEP (PTNS vs Sham; PTNS longitudinal single arm)
- Stress Urinary Incontinence
- ATLAS (Continence pessary vs behavioral therapy vs Combined therapy)
- SISTeR (Burch vs fascial sling)
- TOMUS (retropubic vs. transobturator MUS)
- VALUE (office eval vs preop UDS for preop eval of uncomplicated SUI and MUS outcomes)
- Other
- Surgical Outcomes in Urogynecology-Assessment of Perioperative and Postoperative Complications Relative to Preoperative Hemoglobin A1c