Benign Bladder Tumours
- Epithelial metaplasia
- Squamous metaplasia
- Often has a knobby appearance and is covered by white, flaky, easily disrupted material lying on the trigone.
- ≈40% of women and 5% of men have squamous metaplasia of the bladder, which is usually related to infection, trauma, or surgery; a normal finding in premenopausal females
- Glandular metaplasia
- Appears as clumps of raised red areas that appear inflammatory
- Often confused for cancer
- No treatment is needed
- Squamous metaplasia
- Leukoplakia
- Similar to squamous metaplasia with the addition of keratin deposition that appears as a white flaky substance floating in the bladder
- No treatment is needed
- Urothelial papilloma
- Composed of delicate stalks lined by normal-appearing urothelium
- Papillomas may recur, but do not progress or invade
- Inverted papilloma
- Associated with chronic inflammation or bladder outlet obstruction
- Can be located throughout the bladder but most commonly on the trigone
- 1% incidence of tumor recurrence, but do not progress or invade
- Transurethral resection is the treatment
- Nephrogenic Adenoma
- Rare
- Caused by chronic irritation of the urothelium; also associated with trauma, previous surgery, renal transplantation, intravesical chemotherapy, stones, catheters, and infection
- Cystitis Cystica and Glandularis
- Common finding in normal bladders
- Usually associated with inflammation or chronic obstruction
- Cystitis glandularis may be associated with pelvic lipomatosis
- Few case reports of cystitis cystica or glandularis transforming into adenocarcinoma, and therefore regular endoscopic evaluation of patients with these entities is recommended
- Leiomyoma
- Occur most commonly in women of childbearing age
- Surgical resection is required if the leiomyoma is large or painful
- Endometriosis
- Can be treated with hormones, TUR, or partial cystectomy
Questions
- List benign tumours of the bladder
Answers
- List benign tumours of the bladder
- Epithelial metaplasia
- Leukoplakia
- Papilloma
- Inverted papilloma
- Nephrogenic adenoma
- Cystitis cystica/glandularis
- Leiomyoma
- Endometriosis
References
- Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA (eds): CAMPBELL-WALSH UROLOGY, ed 11. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2015, chap 92