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• 08:43, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (Created page with "'''See 2021 CUA CRPC Guideline Notes''' '''See 2020 AUA Advanced Prostate Cancer Guideline Notes''' '''Includes 2021 CUA CRPC Guidelines''' == Background == * '''Treatment with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) almost always leads to resistance to ADT''' (i.e., cancer progression despite castrate levels of serum testosterone i.e. castrate-resistent prostate cancer) ** '''Follow-up in patients treated with ADT''' **# '''PSA''' **# '''Imaging (bone scan and CT scan)''...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:27, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (Created page with "<nowiki>*****</nowiki>These notes provide an overview of the treatments in metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer. For notes on selecting treatment for metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer, please see the '''2020 CUA Guideline Notes on Metastatic Castrate-Sensitive Prostate Cancer*****''' == Background == * Incidence of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has been increasing in recent years * Previously, ADT was the only treatment optio...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:21, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Hormonal Therapy (Created page with "'''Includes 2021 CUA Guidelines on Androgen Deprivation Therapy: Adverse Events and Management Strategies'''§ == Testosterone == * '''See section in Male Reproductive Physiology Chapter Notes''' == Androgens and the Prostate == * '''The primary androgen of the prostate is dihydrotestosterone (DHT)''' * '''Testosterone is converted to DHT by 5α-reductase''' ** '''Type 1 5α-reductase is expressed primarily in the non-genital skin and liver, and to a lesser extent in...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:03, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Biochemical Recurrence (Created page with " ===== '''Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy''' ===== * '''Definition (AUA/ASTRO) of biochemical/PSA recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy: PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/mL with a second confirmatory laboratory value'''§ ** '''Detectable and rising PSA is usually the earliest evidence of tumor recurrence after radical prostatectomy''' *** '''This rising PSA normally precedes clinically meaningful events in an extremely protracted and variable manner.''' (see Po...") Tag: Visual edit
• 07:51, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Management of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer (Created page with "== Background == * '''Definition of locally advanced prostate cancer: stage ≥T3NX/+M0''' * Men with locally advanced disease, are at significant risk of disease progression and cancer-specific death if left untreated. * Fewer men are presenting with locally advanced prostate cancer due to screening == Management of locally advanced prostate cancer == * '''Currently, no consensus regarding the optimal management of locally advanced prostate cancer''' * '''Options wi...") Tag: Visual edit
• 07:46, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Radiotherapy (Created page with "'''*****See Radiation Section in Management of Localized Disease in Prostate Cancer Chapter Notes'''***** == Hypofractionation == * '''Reduces the overall treatment course by delivering higher doses per fraction'''. ** '''The full dose of radiation is usually divided into a number of smaller doses called fractions''' *** Fractionated radiotherapy has been used since the early days of radiation, when it was found that cure could be achieved with less normal tissue injur...") Tag: Visual edit
• 07:40, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy (Created page with "== Contraindications == # '''Contraindications to laparoscopic surgery''' # '''History of extensive abdominal or pelvic surgery''' # '''Morbid obesity''' # '''Extremely large prostate''' == Pre-operative preparation == * Encourage pre-operative Kegel exercises, three times a day * Discuss sperm preservation in young patients who might consider fathering children == Steps of procedure == * '''Position: supine (Xi) or dorsal lithotomy''' '''(Si)''', Trendelenburg (hea...") Tag: Visual edit
• 07:36, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs moved page Management of Localized Disease to Management of Localized Prostate Cancer without leaving a redirect
• 07:29, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Open Radical Prostatectomy (Created page with "== Radical retropubic prostatectomy: surgical anatomy == * '''See Prostate Anatomy Chapter Notes''' * During radical perineal prostatectomy, the endopelvic and anterior pelvic fasciae are reflected off the prostate in an effort to avoid injury to the dorsal vein of the penis and Santorini plexus. Therefore, '''the dorsal vein complex is not divided during perineal prostatectomy because the dissection occurs beneath the endopelvic fascia and anterior pelvic fascia.''' *...") Tag: Visual edit
• 06:47, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Management of Localized Disease (Created page with "===== *****These notes provide an overview on the established treatments in localized prostate cancer. For notes on selecting treatment for localized prostate cancer, please see the '''2017 AUA Guideline on Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer Notes*****''' ===== == Established Treatment Options for Localized Prostate Cancer == * '''Conservative management''' ** '''Watchful waiting''' ** '''Active surveillance''' * '''Radical prostatectomy''' * '''Radiation''' == Pre-...") Tag: Visual edit
• 06:37, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Prostate Biopsy (Created page with "== Grayscale Trans-Rectal Ultrasound (TRUS) == * '''Probe frequency''' ** '''Increasing the frequency increases the resolution''' and decreases the depth of penetration ** '''Decreasing the frequency increases the depth of penetration''' and decreases the resolution ** '''The commonly used 7-MHz transducer''' produces a high-resolution image with a focal range from 1-4 cm from the transducer '''(best for peripheral zone where most cancers arise)''' ** Lower frequency tr...") Tag: Visual edit
• 06:35, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page PSA and Other Markers (Created page with "== Blood based biomarkers (PSA, PSA-derivatives, PHI, 4Kscore, PSMA) == * '''PSA''' ** '''PSA Basics''' *** Discovered in 1979 *** '''Member of kallikrein gene family''' *** '''An enzyme (serine protease) which functions to liquify semen''' *** Molecular weight: 33-kD **** '''Begins as''' 17-amino acid chain '''preproPSA''' --> '''cleavage results in inactive proPSA --> cleavage''' by hK2 '''results in active form PSA''' *** Primarily produced by prostatic luminal epith...") Tag: Visual edit
• 06:27, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Diagnosis and evaluation (Created page with "'''Includes 2021 CUA Best Practice Report on PET/CT and PET/MR in Prostate Cancer''' == Clinical Presentation of Prostate Cancer == * Only GU malignancy diagnosed by screening ** Kidney cancer usually detected incidentally on imaging ** Bladder cancer usually presents with hematuria * '''At the time of diagnosis§''' ** ≈'''80% present with localized disease''' ** ≈12% present with regional disease ** '''5% present with metastatic disease''' *** The proportion of p...") Tag: Visual edit
• 06:25, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Screening (Created page with "'''See 2018 AUA Guideline Notes on PSA Screening''' '''See 2017 CUA Guideline Notes on PSA Screening''' == Screening == * '''WHO Definition of Screening: identification of''' unrecognized '''disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by''' means of '''tests''', examinations or other procedures '''that can be applied rapidly and easily to the target population''' ** Screening refers to testing for disease in healthy, asymptomatic populations; whereas dia...") Tag: Visual edit
• 06:21, 17 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Pathology and TNM Staging (Created page with "== Adenosis == * '''Characteristically found in the transition zone''' * '''Not associated with increased risk of harboring or developing adenocarcinoma of the prostate''' == Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) == * '''Classified into low-grade PIN and high-grade PIN''' ** Low-grade PIN *** Diagnostic reports should not comment on low-grade PIN since pathologists cannot reproducibly distinguish between low-grade PIN and benign tissue ** '''High-grade PIN (HGPIN)...") Tag: Visual edit
• 15:53, 15 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Lynch syndrome (Created page with "* Also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) * Lynch syndrome preferred term since most patients will develop one or several adenomatous polyps * Caused by inactivation of one of several DNA mismatch repair genes * Genetics * MMR genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 * Mutations in MLH1 and MSH2 account for up to 90% of LS cases * Autosomal dominant ** NCI definition: autosomal dominant inheritance is a way a genetic trait or condition can be passed dow...") Tag: Visual edit
• 09:12, 14 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs moved page Advanced Prostate Cancer (2020) to Advanced Prostate Cancer (2020 AUA Guidelines) without leaving a redirect
• 09:10, 14 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Peyronie's Disease (2015) (Created page with "Link to Original AUA Guideline See 2018 CUA Guideline Notes on Peyronie's Disease ===== *****All of the content below is included in the more comprehensive Peyronie's Disease Chapter Notes***** ===== == Background == * '''Definition of Peyronie’s disease (PD):''' *# '''Acquired penile abnormality''' *# '''Characterized by fibrosis of the tunica albuginea''' *# '''Which MAY be accompanied by (4) Peyronie’s Disease Erectile Dysfunction:''' *** '''Pain''' *** '''Def...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:58, 14 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Erectile Dysfunction (2018) (Created page with " ===== '''Diagnosis and Evaluation''' ===== * '''UrologySchool.com Summary''' {| class="wikitable" | |'''2018 AUA''' |'''2021 CUA''' |- |'''Mandatory''' | ## '''History and physical exam''' ## '''Diabetes screen (fasting glucose or HbA1c)''' ## '''Serum testosterone''' | ## '''History and physical exam''' |- |'''Recommended''' | ## '''Questionnaire''' | ## '''Diabetes screen (fasting glucose AND HbA1c)''' '''in patients with either suspected vasculogenic or idiopathid...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:43, 14 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Testosterone Deficiency (2018) (Created page with " '''See Original Guideline''' '''Includes parts of Chapter 23 from 11th edition of Campell's''' ===== '''Androgen deficiency (AD)''' ===== * '''The term androgen/testosterone deficiency is preferred over hypogonadism''' * Unlike female menopause, which is a universal process associated with aging, the exact rate of testosterone decline and presenting symptoms are highly variable in men * True prevalence of AD in the adult male is unknown as a result of inconsistent d...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:39, 14 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Renal Mass and Localized Renal Cancer (2021) (Created page with "'''See Original Guidelines''' * Guidelines are relevant with literature up to October 2020 * Guideline focuses primarily on the evaluation and management of clinically localized sporadic renal masses suspicious for RCC in adults, including solid enhancing renal tumors and Bosniak 3 and 4 cystic renal masses. == Diagnosis and Evaluation == * '''Required''' ** '''History and physical''' ** '''Imaging:''' *** '''Regional: multiphase, cross-sectional abdominal imaging'''...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:37, 14 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (2016) (Created page with "'''See Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Chapter Notes''' == Background == * See Risk factors in Bladder cancer: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis Chapter Notes for further details * See Bladder cancer: Diagnosis & Evaluation Chapter Notes for further details * See Prognostic factors in Bladder cancer: Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Chapter Notes for further details == Risk Stratification == {| class="wikitable" | |'''CUA''' |'''AUA''' |- |'''Low risk''' | * '''Pri...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:31, 14 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (2017) (Created page with "'''See CUA Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Guidelines 2019''' == Diagnosis and Evaluation == ===== H+P, TURBT pathology, EUA, CT abdo/pelvis, chest imaging, CBC, LFTs, Cr ===== * '''History and physical exam''' * '''Clinical Staging''' ** '''TURBT pathology''' *** '''An experienced genitourinary pathologist should review the pathology of a patient when variant histology''' (e.g., micropapillary, nested, plasmacytoid, neuroendocrine, sarcomatoid, extensive squamous or g...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:26, 14 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Microscopic Hematuria (2020) (Created page with "'''See Original Guidelines''' '''See AUA Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria Guidelines 2016''' '''See CUA Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria Guidelines 2008''' == Background == * '''Causes of hematuria (10):''' *# '''Malignancy''' *# '''Infection''' *# '''Inflammation''' *# '''Stones''' *# '''Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)''' *# '''Congenital or acquired anatomic abnormalities''' *# '''Urethral strictures and diverticula''' *# '''Trauma''' *# '''Recent urological...") Tag: Visual edit
• 13:56, 12 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (Created page with "'''See 2016 AUA/2021 CUA NMBIC Guideline Notes''' == Diagnosis of NMIBC == * '''See Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis & Evaluation''' * '''≈75-80% of patients will present with NMIBC and ≈20-25% will present with MIBC and/or metastatic disease''' ** '''Of patients with NMIBC, 70% are Ta, 20% are T1, and 10% are CIS''' *** Majority of Ta tumours are low-grade *** T1 tumours are almost always high-grade (2% of T1 tumours are classified low-grade) *** Adjusted incidence of st...") Tag: Visual edit
• 10:26, 12 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Adjuvant and Salvage Radiotherapy After Prostatectomy (2019) (Created page with "'''See Original Guideline''' == Definitions == * '''Adjuvant radiotherapy (ART): administration of RT to post-radical prostatectomy (RP) patients at a higher risk of recurrence because of adverse pathological features prior to evidence of disease recurrence (i.e., with an undetectable PSA)''' * '''Salvage radiotherapy (SRT): administration of RT''' to the prostatic bed and possibly to the surrounding tissues, including lymph nodes, '''in the patient with PSA recurrence...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
• 15:49, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2017) (Created page with " ==== AUA GUIDELINE: CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER 2017 ==== ===== Risk stratification ===== * '''Very low risk''' *# '''PSA <10 ng/ml AND''' *# '''Grade Group 1 AND''' *# '''Clinical stage T1-T2a AND''' *# '''<34% of biopsy cores positive AND''' *# '''No core with >50% involved AND''' *# '''PSA density <0.15 ng/ml/cc''' * '''Low risk''' *# '''PSA <10 ng/ml AND''' *# '''Grade Group 1 AND''' *# '''Clinical stage T1-T2a''' * '''Intermediate risk''' ** '''PSA 10-<2...") Tag: Visual edit
• 15:43, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Prostate Cancer Screening (2018) (Created page with "AUA GUIDELINE: PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING 2018 See Original Guideline See 2017 CUA Guideline Notes on Prostate Cancer Screening See Prostate Cancer Screening on Chapter Notes This document does not make a distinction between early detection and screening for prostate cancer The guideline statements listed in this document target men at average risk, defined as a man without risk factors (see below) The available evidence base permitted the Panel to recommend screen...") Tag: Visual edit
• 15:39, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Advanced Prostate Cancer (2020) (Created page with " ==== AUA GUIDELINE: ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER 2020 ==== See 2020 CUA Metastatic Castration-naive and Castration-sensitive Prostate Cancer Guideline Notes See 2021 CUA CRPC Guideline Notes See Metastatic Castrate-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Chapter Notes See CRPC Chapter Notes ===== Background ===== * Population covered in this guideline is assumed to have already received local or pelvic therapy, including adjuvant and salvage therapy (i.e., exhaustion of local treatm...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:52, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page File:Abdotrauma.png
• 14:52, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs uploaded File:Abdotrauma.png
• 14:48, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page File:Leftrenalarteryinjury.png
• 14:48, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs uploaded File:Leftrenalarteryinjury.png
• 14:07, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Lower Urinary Tract Trauma (Created page with "==Trauma background== *Leading cause of death in US population aged 1-44 *Injuries are frequently classified as blunt vs. penetrating due to differences in management and outcomes **Blast injuries may be associated with both penetrating and blunt trauma, and are most common in the setts of violent conflict *Urologic organs are involved in ≈10% of abdominal traumas ==Renal Trauma== ===Epidemiology=== *Most commonly injured GU organ in trauma ===Pathogenesis=== *Kidneys...") Tag: Visual edit
• 13:41, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Upper Urinary Tract Trauma (Created page with "Includes 2020 AUA Guideline Notes on Urotrauma See Original 2020 AUA Guidelines on Urotrauma See Lower Urinary Tract Trauma Chapter Notes == Trauma background == * Leading cause of death in US population aged 1-44 * Injuries are frequently classified as blunt vs. penetrating due to differences in management and outcomes ** Blast injuries may be associated with both penetrating and blunt trauma, and are most common in the setts of violent conflict * Urologic organs a...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:52, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page File:Cystoscopy - Uretereal Cancer.jpg
• 12:52, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs uploaded File:Cystoscopy - Uretereal Cancer.jpg
• 12:46, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page File:Renal parenchymal phase CT of transitional cell carcinoma.jpg (Description English: Renal parenchymal phase CT of transitional cell carcinoma. For context, see en:Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis. Date 15 May 2013 Source Dongqing Wang (2013) Selected Topics on Computed Tomography ISBN: 9789535111023. License: CC-BY-3.0. Chapter 1: "Computed Tomography in Abdominal Imaging: How to Gain Maximum Diagnostic Information at the Lowest Radiation Dose" by Kristie Guite, Louis Hinshaw and Fred Lee. DOI: 10.5772/55903 Author Kristie Guite, Louis Hins...)
• 12:46, 10 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs uploaded File:Renal parenchymal phase CT of transitional cell carcinoma.jpg (Description English: Renal parenchymal phase CT of transitional cell carcinoma. For context, see en:Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis. Date 15 May 2013 Source Dongqing Wang (2013) Selected Topics on Computed Tomography ISBN: 9789535111023. License: CC-BY-3.0. Chapter 1: "Computed Tomography in Abdominal Imaging: How to Gain Maximum Diagnostic Information at the Lowest Radiation Dose" by Kristie Guite, Louis Hinshaw and Fred Lee. DOI: 10.5772/55903 Author Kristie Guite, Louis Hins...)
• 19:37, 9 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cancer (Created page with "<h5><strong><a name="epidemiology">Epidemiology</a></strong><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/">§</a></h5> <ul> <li>Incidence <ul> <li>Relatively rare <ul> <li>US incidence: 2/100,000 <ul> <li><strong><span class="red">Tumors of the renal pelvis are slightly more common than ureteral tumors</span></strong><span class="red"><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/">§</a></span> <ul>...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
• 16:49, 9 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Category:Bladder Cancer (Created page with "This page contains the links to content related to Bladder Cancer Suggested order of reading * Epidemiology and Pathogenesis * Pathology and TNM Staging * Diagnosis and Evaluation * Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer * Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer * Unresectable Locally Advanced and Metastatic Bladder Cancer * Non-Urothelial Bladder Cancer * Benign Bladder Tumours * Transurethral resection of bladder tumour * Cystectomy * Intestinal Segments and Urinary Diversion *...") Tag: Visual edit
• 16:29, 9 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs moved page Prevention to Prostate Cancer: Prevention without leaving a redirect
• 16:26, 9 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs moved page Epidemiology and Pathogenesis to Prostate Cancer: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis without leaving a redirect
• 15:07, 9 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Category:Prostate Cancer (Created page with "This page contains the links to content related to Prostate Cancer")
• 14:34, 9 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page MediaWiki:Sidebar (Created page with " * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage-description ** chapters|chapters * mediawiki ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help-mediawiki * SEARCH * TOOLBOX * LANGUAGES")
• 13:31, 9 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Prevention (Created page with "Chemoprevention 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) Randomized trials (PCPT and REDUCE, see below ) evaluating 5-ARIs for prostate cancer prevention have found that their use results in ≈5% reduced risk of cancer Slight increased risk of high grade cancer Increased "risk" of high grade cancer is thought to be due to the higher probability of targetting a focus of high grade disease in a 5-ARI-induced smaller size gland PCPT (2003) Objective: determine whether a...") Tag: Visual edit
• 13:01, 9 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Epidemiology and Pathogenesis (Created page with "<h4><strong><u>PROSTATE CANCER: EPIDEMIOLOGY & PATHOGENESIS</u></strong> </h4> <h5><strong><span class="red">Epidemiology</span></strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/">§</a><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html">§</a><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32122974">§</a></h5> <ul> <li><strong>Incidence</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Highest in countries with the highest rates of screening</strong></li>...")
• 12:44, 9 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs protected Contribute [Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) (hist)
• 11:11, 9 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs protected Main Page [Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) (hist)
• 08:48, 9 December 2021 Urology4all talk contribs created page Chapters (Created page with "== Oncology == === Prostate Cancer === * Epidemiology and Pathogenesis * Prevention * Pathology and TNM Staging * Screening * Diagnosis and evaluation * PSA and Other Markers * Prostate Biopsy * Management of Localized Disease * Open Radical Prostatectomy * Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy * Radiotherapy * Management of Locally Advanced Disease * Biochemical Recurrence * Hormonal Therapy * Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer * Castrate-Resistant Prost...") Tag: Visual edit