All public logs

Combined display of all available logs of UrologySchool.com. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the username (case-sensitive), or the affected page (also case-sensitive).

• 19:14, 30 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Suture Materials (Created page with "== Classification == * '''Based on''' *# '''Absorbable vs. non-absorbable''' *# '''Braided (multifilament) vs. monofilament''' *# '''Synthetic vs. natural''' * '''Absorbable vs. non-absorbable''' ** '''Non-absorbable''' *** '''Advantage''' **** '''Longer mechanical support''' *** '''Disadvantage''' **** '''Nidus for stone formation in urinary tract''' * '''Braided (multifilament) vs. monofilament''' ** '''Monofilament''' *** '''Advantages''' ***# '''Less tissue draggin...") Tag: Visual edit
• 19:11, 30 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Penis and Urethra Surgery (Created page with "'''INCLUDES PARTS of CUAJ 2019 Penile Lesions Review''' == Principles of reconstructive surgery == * '''Graft vs. flap''' ** '''Tissues can be transferred as a graft or flap''' ** '''The term flap implies that the tissue is excised and transferred WITH THE BLOOD SUPPLY either preserved or surgically re-established at the recipient site''' *** Important considerations for the use of flaps in urethral reconstruction: ***# Nature of the flap tissue ***# Vasculature of the...") Tag: Visual edit
• 19:03, 30 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Renal Transplant (Created page with "== Background == * '''Most common causes of ESRD (in descending order):''' *# '''Diabetes''' *# '''Hypertension''' *# Glomerulonephritis *# Cystic renal disease * '''ESRD in children may result in:''' ** '''Growth failure''' ** '''Poor nutrition''' ** '''Psychiatric problems''' * '''A hypercoagulable state can occur in nephrotic syndrome with urinary loss of the natural anticoagulants: antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S.''' * Patients age > 50  have a 20% morta...") Tag: Visual edit
• 18:56, 30 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Renal Hypertension (Created page with "== Renovascular hypertension == === Background === * '''Definition of renovascular hypertension: hypertension due to renal ischemia from partial or complete occlusion of one or both renal arteries''' * '''Most common form of secondary and potentially curable hypertension''' ** Although renal artery disease affects only a small proportion of hypertensives [majority are primary hypertension], it '''may be the cause of renal failure in as many as 10-20% of patients with E...") Tag: Visual edit
• 18:50, 30 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Genitourinary Complications of Metabolic Syndrome (Created page with "* '''Definition of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS): a constellation of clinical factors associated with an increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus''' * '''Must have ≥ 3 of the following 5 factors for MetS diagnosis:''' *# '''Abdominal obesity''' *# '''Elevated blood pressure''' *# '''Elevated blood glucose''' *# '''Elevated serum triglycerides''' *# '''Decreased HDL cholesterol''' * '''MetS and its components are associated with increased ris...") Tag: Visual edit
• 18:49, 30 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Varicocele (Created page with "== Background == * '''Definition of a varicocele: abnormal dilation and tortuosity of the gonadal/internal spermatic veins within the pampiniform plexus''' == Epidemiology == * '''Found in ≈15% of the general population, 35% of men with primary infertility''', and 75-81% of men with secondary infertility ** '''Prevalence of clinically diagnosed varicoceles in adolescents (8-16%) similar to prevalence in adults (15%)''' ** Adolescent varicocele may contribute signifi...") Tag: Visual edit
• 18:46, 30 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Retroperitoneal Fibrosis (Created page with "== Background == * Characterized by the presence of an inflammatory, fibrotic process in the retroperitoneum causing compression of the retroperitoneal structures including the ureters * '''In general, the RPF mass centers around the distal aorta at L4 to L5 and wraps around the ureters''', leading to hydronephrosis via extrinsic compression on the ureters or interference with ureteral peristalsis. == Etiology == * '''Idiopathic (70%)''' ** '''Associated with chronic...") Tag: Visual edit
• 18:41, 30 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Pathophysiology of Urinary Tract Obstruction (Created page with "'''Includes 2015 AUA Update on Management of Post-Obstructive Diuresis''' == Diagnosis and evaluation == === History and physical exam === * '''Most common symptom with acute obstruction: flank pain;''' secondary to stretching of the collecting system. ** '''In contrast, chronic obstruction of the urinary tract is usually painless''' and patients may be entirely asymptomatic * '''Obstructive uropathy should always be considered in patients with (3):''' *# '''New-onset...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:03, 30 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Management of Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction (Created page with "== Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) == * '''See Pediatrics Surgery of the Ureter Chapter Notes''' * Most cases are congenital, but may only become clinically apparent much later in life ** Many newborns diagnosed with hydronephrosis are subsequently found to have UPJO ** '''UPJO in the neonates is most frequently found as a result of maternal-fetal ultrasound''' * '''Causes''' ** '''Classified: congenital vs. acquired or intrinsic vs. extrinsic''' *** '''Congen...") Tag: Visual edit
• 07:00, 24 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page AUA & ASCO & ASTRO & SUO: Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (2020) (Created page with "'''See CUA Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Guidelines 2019''' == Diagnosis and Evaluation == * '''UrologySchool.com Summary''' ** H+P, TURBT pathology, EUA, CT abdo/pelvis, chest imaging, CBC, LFTs, Cr * '''History and physical exam''' * '''Clinical Staging''' ** '''TURBT pathology''' *** '''An experienced genitourinary pathologist should review the pathology of a patient when variant histology''' (e.g., micropapillary, nested, plasmacytoid, neuroendocrine, sarcomatoid...")
• 17:52, 17 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs moved page Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022) to AUA & ASTRO & SUO: Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022) without leaving a redirect
• 18:34, 16 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs moved page CUA/AUA: Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (2021 CUA/2020 AUA)) to CUA & AUA: Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (2021 CUA & 2020 AUA) without leaving a redirect
• 18:17, 16 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs moved page Diagnosis and Evaluation of Bladder Cancer to Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis and Evaluation without leaving a redirect
• 18:15, 16 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs moved page Pathology and TNM Staging of Bladder Cancer to Bladder Cancer: Pathology and TNM Staging without leaving a redirect
• 18:13, 16 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs moved page Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Bladder Cancer to Bladder Cancer: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis without leaving a redirect
• 08:02, 16 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page CUA/AUA: Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (2021 CUA/2020 AUA)) (Created page with "'''See Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Chapter Notes''' == Background == * See Risk factors in Bladder cancer: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis Chapter Notes for further details * See Bladder cancer: Diagnosis & Evaluation Chapter Notes for further details * See Prognostic factors in Bladder cancer: Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Chapter Notes for further details == Risk Stratification == {| class="wikitable" | |'''CUA''' |'''AUA''' |- |'''Low risk''' | * '''Pri...")
• 18:00, 12 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page File:Retroperitoneal lymph flow.jpg
• 18:00, 12 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs uploaded File:Retroperitoneal lymph flow.jpg
• 12:00, 11 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs deleted page AUA/ASTRO: Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022) (content was: "#REDIRECT AUA/ASTRO : Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022)", and the only contributor was "Urology4all" (talk))
• 12:00, 11 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs deleted page AUA & ASTRO: Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022) (content was: "==== Background ==== * Literature search up to date to August/September 2021 * '''Guideline covers "clinically localized prostate cancer", defined as up to clinical stage T3 (by digital rectal examination [DRE]) prostate cancer without nodal or distant metastasis (N0M0) on conventional imaging.''' ==== Risk stratification ==== * '''Low risk''' *# '''PSA <10 ng/ml...", and the only contributor was "Urology4all" (talk))
• 11:59, 11 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs deleted page AUA/ASTRO : Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022) (content was: "#REDIRECT Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022)", and the only contributor was "Urology4all" (talk))
• 11:59, 11 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs moved page AUA/ASTRO : Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022) to Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022)
• 11:59, 11 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs moved page AUA/ASTRO: Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022) to AUA/ASTRO : Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022)
• 11:55, 11 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs moved page AUA: Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022) to AUA/ASTRO: Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022)
• 11:54, 11 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs deleted page AUA/ASTRO: Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022) (content was: "testing", and the only contributor was "Urology4all" (talk))
• 11:02, 11 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page AUA: Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2022) (Created page with "Guidelines based on literature searches up to August-September 2021 '''Target population: patients with clinically localized prostate cancer, defined as up to clinical stage T3 (by digital rectal examination [DRE]) prostate cancer without nodal or distant metastasis (N0M0) on <u>conventional imaging.</u>''' == Diagnosis and Evaluation == === History and Physical Exam === ==== History ==== * '''Screen for indications for germline testing (see below)''' ==== Physica...") Tag: Visual edit
• 17:03, 10 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page File:Diagram showing a transperineal prostate biopsy CRUK 473.jpg
• 17:03, 10 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs uploaded File:Diagram showing a transperineal prostate biopsy CRUK 473.jpg
• 14:44, 10 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs deleted page File:Diagram showing a transperineal prostate biopsy.jpg
• 14:38, 10 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page File:Diagram showing a transperineal prostate biopsy.jpg
• 14:38, 10 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs uploaded File:Diagram showing a transperineal prostate biopsy.jpg
• 14:25, 10 October 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Prostate: Transrectal Ultrasound (Created page with "== General urological uses of a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) == * '''Uses: (5):''' #'''Assess prostate volume''' #'''Locate focal prostate abnormalities''' #'''Assess for obstructive cause of infertility''' (dilated seminal vesicles secondary to ejaculatory duct obstruction) #'''Guide prostate biopsies''' #'''Guide placement of brachytherapy seeds''' ==Grayscale TRUS== *'''Probe frequency''' **'''Increasing the frequency increases the resolution''' and decreases the d...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:37, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Surgery of the Adrenals (Created page with "== Pre-operative and post-operative management of Pheochromocytoma == * '''See Pheochromocytoma Chapter Notes''' * '''Excessive secretion of catecholamines from chromaffin tissue may result in tachycardia, diaphoresis, headache, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and impaired glucose tolerance.''' * '''Preoperative cardiac workup, including electrocardiography and echocardiography, and assessment of hypertension-induced end-organ dysfunctio...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:33, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Diagnosis and Evaluation of Adrenal Mass (Created page with "* Includes '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3147036/ 2011 CUA Incidental Adrenal Mass]''' Guidelines ** See 2011 CUA Incidental Adrenal Mass Guideline Notes == Background == * '''Definition of incidental adrenal mass: adrenal lesion >1cm discovered on radiologic examination done for reasons other than to investigate for primary adrenal disease''' ** Exclusions to definition include: *** Known malignancy or high suspicion of malignant processes [since ad...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:22, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Adrenal: Benign Tumours (Created page with "== Adrenal adenomas == * '''Most common primary adrenal tumour''' * Incidence increases with age * '''Diagnosis and Evaluation''' ** '''Vast majority (93%) are metabolically silent''' *** '''The essential evaluation of the small adrenal mass requires differentiating the nonfunctional benign adenoma from functional or malignant lesions''' ** '''Imaging''' ** Insert Image CT scan demonstrating right adrenal adenoma Source: Wikipedia * '''Management''' ** '''Functional...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:17, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Adrenal: Malignant Tumours (Created page with "== Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) == === '''Pathogenesis''' === * '''Classification: genetic vs. sporadic''' * '''Sporadic''' ** '''Cause of sporadic ACC remains unknown''' * '''Genetic''' ** '''Syndromes associated with ACC (6):''' **# '''Li-Fraumeni syndrome''' **# '''Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome''' **# '''Lynch syndrome''' **# '''Carney complex''' **# '''MEN-1''' **# '''McCune-Albright syndrome''' === Diagnosis and Evaluation === ==== '''History and Physical Exam...") Tag: Visual edit
• 11:58, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Adrenal Insufficiency (Created page with "== Pathophysiology == * '''Classification: primary vs. secondary''' * '''Primary''' ** '''Primary adrenal insufficiency is also known as Addison's disease,''' named after a British physician who described the condition in 1856[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5199675/] ** '''In the Western world, the most frequent cause of primary adrenal insufficiency is autoimmune adrenalitis''' * Secondary ** Pituitary/Hypothalamus failure *** Given that aldosterone secr...") Tag: Visual edit
• 11:42, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Adrenal: Pheochromocytoma (Created page with "== Background == * Endocrine tumor that arises from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland * '''≈1/3 are familial cases''' * '''1-25% originate outside of the adrenal gland''' ** '''When it is found outside the adrenal gland, the tumor is called a paraganglioma.''' ** '''Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas occur in:''' **# '''Organ of Zuckerkandl (located at bifurcation of aorta)''' **# '''Sympathetic chain''' **# '''Perivesical''' * '''≈5% of incidental adrenal mass...") Tag: Visual edit
• 11:34, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Adrenal: Hyperaldosteronism (Created page with "== Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) == * '''Under normal physiologic conditions, renin release is stimulated by (low-volume, low-salt state):''' *# '''Low renal perfusion pressure''' *# '''Increased renal sympathetic nervous activity''' *# '''Low sodium concentration sensed by the macula densa''' * '''Renin then cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which in turn is cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to angiotensin II''' * '''Angiotensin II'''...") Tag: Visual edit
• 11:28, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page File:Hypercortisolism.jpg
• 11:28, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs uploaded File:Hypercortisolism.jpg
• 11:22, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Hypercortisolism (Created page with "== Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis == * '''Hypothalamus''' ** '''Produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)''' * '''Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)''' ** '''Function:''' *** '''Acts on the corticotropic cells of the anterior pituitary to make ACTH''' ** '''Secretion''' *** Under tight control of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus *** '''Follows circadian patterns.''' **** '''The highest level of cortisol in healthy subjects is detected in the m...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:59, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Stones: Lower Urinary Tract Calculi (Created page with "== Bladder Stones == * '''Classification: primary vs. secondary''' === Primary bladder calculi === * '''Bladder stones that develop in the absence of any known functional, anatomic, or infectious factors''' * Epidemiology ** 9-33 times more common in boys * '''Pathogenesis''' ** '''More common in children exposed to low-protein, low-phosphate diets''' *** '''Lack of protein leads to a dietary phosphate deficiency, low urinary phosphate, and high levels of urinary ammo...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:52, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Stones During Pregnancy (Created page with "== Incidence of stones during pregnancy == * '''Overall, no difference in the incidence of symptomatic urinary calculi for pregnant women compared to nonpregnant women''' of childbearing age ** '''Urologic changes in pregnancy''' *** '''Renal blood flow increases''', '''leading to''' '''a 30-50% rise''' '''in glomerular filtration rate'''. **** As a result, the '''normal ranges of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen are ≈25% lower for the pregnant patient.''' ***...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:45, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Stones: Surgical Modalities for Management of Upper Urinary Tract Calculi (Created page with "'''See 2016 AUA Stone Surgery Guideline Notes''' '''and 2015 CUA Ureteral Calculi''' '''Guideline Notes''' == Intracorporeal Lithotripters == * '''Classification: flexible vs. rigid''' {| class="wikitable" |'''Flexible (2):''' # '''Electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL)''' # '''Laser''' |'''Rigid (2):''' # '''Ballistic''' # '''Ultrasonic''' |} === '''Flexible''' === ==== '''EHL''' ==== * '''Essentially an underwater spark plug''' ** '''Creates a shockwave''' *** '''The...") Tag: Visual edit
• 08:29, 29 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page Stones: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis (Created page with "== Epidemiology of Urolithiasis == * Lifetime prevalence of kidney stone disease: ≈1%-15%, '''varies by age, gender, race, geographic location, and BMI''' ** Age: relatively uncommon age < 20 but peaks in incidence in the 40-60s ** Gender: upper urinary tract stones occur more commonly in males than females, but gender gap is narrowing ** Race: Whites have the highest incidence of upper tract stones compared with Asians, Hispanics, and African-Americans ** Geographic...") Tag: Visual edit
• 11:27, 21 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page File:817 Ligaments of Pelvis.jpg
• 11:27, 21 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs uploaded File:817 Ligaments of Pelvis.jpg
• 11:09, 21 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs created page File:Inguinal fossae.png
• 11:09, 21 September 2022 Urology4all talk contribs uploaded File:Inguinal fossae.png